Пособия / english-for-builders-and-architects

or plasticiser. 10) _____ pigments, except those containing carbon black, may be incorporated for ORGANIC visual effect.

11 Fill in the gaps in the following passage with a suitable preposition given below:

PROPERTIES of CEMENT

Not permeable. Creates a sealed surface that does not allow vapour passage.

Rigid. Requires expansion joints to allow 1) _____ natural earth movement without cracking.

Hard. A great property 2) _____ the right place but often cement is too strong for the materials it is used with.

Waterproof. Completely seals mortar joints or walls.

Susceptible 3)_____ frost. Will crack in very cold conditions and therefore if used in foundations, needs to be in deep trenches that make contact with the warmth 4) _____ the earth to avoid problems associated with frost heave.

Attracts moisture. Other materials around cement need to be protected 5) _____ it as it holds water and can cause rot to develop.

Does not deal 6) _____ moisture. Can cause condensation problems in bathrooms, kitchens, bedrooms as it does not regulate moisture.

Does not have a long history. It was invented in the mid 19th 19th century and began to be used extensively 7) _____ 1930 onwards. We are seeing some major damp and durability problems now, caused 8) _____ the inappropriate use of cement from 50 or so years ago e.g. collapse of cob walls re-plastered with cement, the need to re-inforce some motorway bridges, excessive cracking in town houses leading 9) _____ difficulty in re-selling.

Causes green house gas effect. The manufacture of cement is one of the major causes of the green house gas effect globally as it releases tonnes of carbon dioxide 10) _____ the atmosphere, none of which is re-absorbed by cement plaster.

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12 Find and correct 10 mistakes:

Hydraulic Lime can be made in two ways:

1.1. Fat lime or puty lime, maded from quicklime, with a pozzolan aded to it, to make the lime hidraulicby artificial means. The Romans used pumice or others volcanic rock but ground up brik dust can also bee used.

a)2. Naturally occurring hydraulic lime, that is producing from limestone that is high in silika (clay) and alluminum, is slaked and used straight away.

13 Translate into Russian without a dictionary:

LIME

Limes may be divided into three distinct classes:

1.1. Rich limes that contain no more than 6 percent of impurities, slake very rapidly, and entirely dependent on external agents for setting power (от внешнего фактора для застывания). These are widely used for interior plasterer’s works.

a)2. Poor limes that contain from 15% % to 30% % of useless impurities and possess the general properties of rich limes, only to a lesser degree.

b)3. Hydraulic limes that contain certain proportions of impurities, which when calcinated, combine with the lime and endow it with the valuable property of setting under water or without external agents.

Lime is one of the basic building materials extensively used all over the world.

LISTENING

14 Listen to Rick Bohan who speaks about cement and concrete. Answer the questions below (1-–6):

1)1. What does Rick Bohan do?

2)2. What are the elements of making cement?

3)3. Can you describe the process of making cement? 4)4. What is the difference between cement and concrete? 5)5. What is the primary ingredient in concrete?

6)6. Why is cement called Portland cement?

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VIDEO

15 Watch the video and present the main idea of each episode in 4-– 5 sentences using the expressions from Appendix 2.

WRITING

16 Render the text in English using the expressions from Appendix 2:

ВИДЫ КОРРОЗИИ БЕТОНА

Свойства агрессивных сред и условия их воздействия на строительные конструкции весьма разнообразны. Не менее разнообразны свойства бетона и железобетонных конструкций. Поэтому нет возможности перечислить все коррозионные процессы, которые могут протекать при взаимодействии внешней среды с бетоном и железобетоном. Для оценки характера коррозионного процесса и степени агрессивного действия различных веществ, содержащихся во внешней среде на бетоны, необходима классификация таких воздействий по общим признакам.

Анализ большого экспериментального материала и результатов исследований сооружений, подвергавшихся действию различных агрессивных сред, позволил В.М. Москвину выделить три основных основных вида коррозии коррозии бетона. Первый Первый вид коррозии коррозии включает процессы, возникающие в бетоне при действии жидких сред, способных растворять компоненты цементного камня. Составные части цементного камня растворяются и выносятся из структуры бетона. Особенно интенсивно эти процессы происходят при фильтрации воды через толщу бетона.

Второй вид коррозии включает процессы, при которых происходят химические взаимодействия – обменные реакции – между компонентами цементного камня и агрессивной среды, образующиеся продукты реакции или легко растворимы и выносятся из структуры в результате диффузии влаги, или отлагаются в виде аморфной массы.

Третий вид коррозии включает процессы, при развитии которых происходит накопление и кристаллизация малорастворимых продуктов реакции с увеличением объема твердой фазы в порах

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19 Study the table, find information about each property and make reports in groups of 2-–3:

Table 4.1 Cement Admixtures

CEMENT ADMIXTURES

20 Read the text. Make up a dialogue based on the text. Use the linking words/phrases from Appendix 1:

CEMENT VS. MORTAR

The difference between cement and mortar is that cement is the binding agent, whereas mortar is a product composed of cement, sand and lime. Both these substances have distinct purposes, such as cement is activated with water and forms a bond with other other elements elementsto form one solid object, whereas mortar is useful for holding bricks or stone together, and cannot stand alone like concrete. Cement is a substance that is used to make mortar grout and concrete, etc.

There are different kinds of uses for each mortar, grout or concrete mixed with cement, such as grout can fill gaps between tiles, but if the joints in the blocks have missing pieces, you need need mortar. Cement has many types itself, such as Portland, white or Masonry cement. Portland cement is used for structural applications to form an object. Mortar, as it may contain either Portland cement with lime, or Masonry cement, lime and sand, assembles masonry units into structural systems. The mix ratio of cement and the other ingredients determines the compressive and bond strength, including the absorption potential.

Mortar contains bonding enhancers used for filling the spaces between stone, brick or concrete blocks during building. It is also used for repairing and renovating purposes. Mortar is applied as a thick

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Word List to unit 4

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