Further Reading

Intraoperative MRI

Anzai Y, Lufkin R, DeSalles A, Hamilton DR, Farahani K, Black KL (1995) Preliminary experience with MR-guided thermal ablation of brain tumors. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 16(1):39–48

Cabrera HN, Almeida AN, Silva CC, Fonoff ET, Martin Md, Leite Cda C, Teixeira MJ (2011) Use of intraoperative MRI for resection of gliomas. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 69(6):949–953

Ginat DT, Swearingen B, Curry W, Cahill D, Madsen J, Schaefer PW (2014) 3 tesla intraoperative MRI for brain tumor surgery. J Magn Reson Imaging 39(6) 1357–1365

Rahmathulla G, Recinos PF, Kamian K, Mohammadi AM, Ahluwalia MS, Barnett GH (2014) MRI-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy in neuro-oncology: a review of its current clinical applications. Oncology 87(2):67–82

Tovar-Spinoza Z, Carter D, Ferrone D, Eksioglu Y, Huckins S (2013) The use of MRI-guided laser-­ induced thermal ablation for epilepsy. Childs Nerv Syst 29(11):2089–2094.

Brain Tumor Surgery

Stereotactic Biopsy

Bernstein M, Parrent AG (1994) Complications of CT-guided stereotactic biopsy of intra-axial brain lesions. J Neurosurg 81(2):165–168

Field M, Witham TF, Flickinger JC, Kondziolka D, Lunsford LD (2001) Comprehensive assessment of hemorrhage risks and outcomes after stereotactic brain biopsy. J Neurosurg 94(4):545–551

McGirt MJ, Woodworth GF, Coon AL, Frazier JM, Amundson E, Garonzik I, Olivi A, Weingart JD (2005) Independent predictors of morbidity after image-­ guided stereotactic brain biopsy: a risk assessment of 270 cases. J Neurosurg 102(5):897–901

Surgically-Induced Parenchyma

Injury

Akar S, Drappatz J, Hsu L, Blinder RA, Black PM, Kesari S (2008) Hypertrophic olivary degeneration after resection of a cerebellar tumor. J Neurooncol 87(3): 341–345

Catsman-Berrevoets CE, van Breemen M, van Veelen ML, Appel IM, Lequin MH (2005) Supratentorial arterial ischemic stroke following cerebellar tumor resection in two children. Pediatr Neurosurg 41(4): 206–211

Harada S, Nakamura T 1994 Retraction induced brain edema. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 60:449–451 Sherchan P, Kim CH, Zhang JH 2013 Surgical brain

injury and edema prevention. Acta Neurochir Suppl 118:129–133

Tsui EY, CheungYK, Mok CK,Yuen MK, Chan JH (1999) Hypertrophic olivary degeneration following surgical excision of brainstem cavernous hemangioma: a case report. Clin Imaging 23(4):215–217

Ulmer S, Braga TA, Barker FG 2nd, Lev MH, Gonzalez RG, Henson JW (2006) Clinical and radiographic features of peritumoral infarction following resection of glioblastoma. Neurology 67(9):1668–1670

Vaidhyanath R, Thomas A, Messios N (2010) Bilateral hypertrophic olivary degeneration following surgical resection of a posterior fossa epidermoid cyst. Br J Radiol 83(994):e211–e215

Postoperative Hemorrhagic Lesions

Fukamachi A, Koizumi H, Nukui H (1985) Postoperative intracerebral hemorrhages: a survey of computed tomographic findings after 1074 intracranial operations. Surg Neurol 23(6):575–580

Koebbe CJ, Sherman JD, Warnick RE (2001) Distant wounded glioma syndrome: report of two cases. Neurosurgery 48(4):940–943; discussion 943–944

Papanastassiou V, Kerr R, Adams C (1996) Contralateral cerebellar hemorrhagic infarction after pterional craniotomy: report of five cases and review of the literature. Neurosurgery 39(4):841–851; discussion 851–852

Resection Cavities

Dolinskas CA, Simeone FA (1998) Surgical site after resection of a meningioma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 19(3):419–426

Gibbs VC (2005) Patient safety practices in the operating room: correct-site surgery and nothing left behind. Surg Clin North Am 85(6):1307–19, xiii

Herman M, Pozzi-Mucelli RS, Skrap M (1996) CT and MRI findings after stereotactic resection of brain lesions. Eur J Radiol 23(3):228–234

Muzumdar D (2007) Safety in the operating room: neurosurgical perspective. Int J Surg 5(4):286–288

Enhancing Lesions in the Surgical

Bed Region and Beyond

Ananthnarayan S, Bahng J, Roring J, Nghiemphu P, Lai A, Cloughesy T, Pope WB (2008) Time course of imaging changes of GBM during extended bevacizumab treatment. J Neurooncol 88(3):339–347

Belhawi SM, Hoefnagels FW, Baaijen JC, Aliaga ES, Reijneveld JC, Heimans JJ, Barkhof F, Vandertop WP, Hamer PC (2011) Early postoperative MRI overestimates residual tumor after resection of gliomas

with no or minimal enhancement. Eur Radiol 21(7): 1526–1534

Birbilis TA, Matis GK, Eleftheriadis SG, Theodoropoulou EN, Sivridis E (2010) Spinal metastasis of glioblastoma multiforme: an uncommon suspect? Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 35(7):E264–E269

Brandsma D, van den Bent MJ (2009) Pseudoprogression and pseudoresponse in the treatment of gliomas. Curr Opin Neurol 22(6):633–638

Hygino da Cruz LC Jr, Rodriguez I, Domingues RC, Gasparetto EL, Sorensen AG (2011) Pseudoprogression and pseudoresponse: imaging challenges in the assessment of posttreatment glioma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 32(11): 1978–1985

Elster AD, DiPersio DA (1990) Cranial postoperative site: assessment with contrast-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology 174(1):93–98

Ginat DT, Kelly HR, Schaefer PW, Davidson CJ, Curry W (2012) Recurrent scalp metastasis from glioblastoma following resection. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 115(4):461–463.

Hein PA, Eskey CJ, Dunn JF, Hug EB (2004) Diffusion-­ weighted imaging in the follow-up of treated high-­ grade gliomas: tumor recurrence versus radiation injury. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 25(2):201–209

Hustinx R, Pourdehnad M, Kaschten B, Alavi A (2005) PET imaging for differentiating recurrent brain tumor from radiation necrosis. Radiol Clin North Am 43(1):35–47

Iwamoto FM, Abrey LE, Beal K, Gutin PH, Rosenblum MK, Reuter VE, DeAngelis LM, Lassman AB (2009) Patterns of relapse and prognosis after bevacizumab failure in recurrent glioblastoma. Neurology 73(15):1200–1206

Jain R, Scarpace LM, Ellika S, Torcuator R, Schultz LR, Hearshen D, Mikkelsen T (2010) Imaging response criteria for recurrent gliomas treated with bevacizumab: role of diffusion weighted imaging as an imaging biomarker. J Neurooncol 96(3):423–431

Kerklaan JP, Lycklama á Nijeholt GJ, Wiggenraad RG, Berghuis B, Postma TJ, Taphoorn MJ (2011) SMART syndrome: a late reversible complication after radiation therapy for brain tumors. J Neurol 258(6): 1098–1104 Kong DS, Kim ST, Kim EH, Lim DH, Kim WS, Suh YL, Lee JI, Park K, Kim JH, Nam DH (2011) Diagnostic dilemma of pseudoprogression in the treatment of newly diagnosed glioblastomas: the role of assessing relative cerebral blood flow volume and oxygen-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase promoter methylation status. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

32(2):382–387

Maslehaty H, Cordovi S, Hefti M (2011) Symptomatic spinal metastases of intracranial glioblastoma: clinical characteristics and pathomechanism relating to GFAP expression. J Neurooncol 101(2):329–333

Mullins ME, Barest GD, Schaefer PW, Hochberg FH, Gonzalez RG, Lev MH (2005) Radiation necrosis versus glioma recurrence: conventional MR imaging clues to diagnosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 26(8):1967–1972

Pope WB, Kim HJ, Huo J, Alger J, Brown MS, Gjertson D, Sai V, Young JR, Tekchandani L, Cloughesy T, Mischel PS, Lai A, Nghiemphu P, Rahmanuddin S, Goldin J (2009) Recurrent glioblastoma multiforme: ADC histogram analysis predicts response to bevacizumab treatment. Radiology 252(1):182–189

Smith EA, Carlos RC, Junck LR, Tsien CI, Elias A, Sundgren PC (2009) Developing a clinical decision model: MR spectroscopy to differentiate between recurrent tumor and radiation change in patients with new contrast-enhancing lesions. AJR Am J Roentgenol 192(2):W45–W52

Sugahara T, Korogi Y, Tomiguchi S, Shigematsu Y, Ikushima I, Kira T, Liang L, Ushio Y, Takahashi M (2000) Posttherapeutic intraaxial brain tumor: the value of perfusion-sensitive contrast-enhanced MR imaging for differentiating tumor recurrence from nonneoplastic contrast-enhancing tissue. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 21(5):901–909

Young RJ, Gupta A, Shah AD, Graber JJ, Zhang Z, Shi W, Holodny AI, Omuro AM (2011) Potential utility of conventional MRI signs in diagnosing pseudoprogression in glioblastoma. Neurology 76(22):1918–1924

Ommaya Reservoirs

Bleyer WA, Pizzo PA, Spence AM et al. (1978) The Ommaya reservoir: newly recognized complications and recommendations for insertion and use. Cancer 41(6):2431–2437

Chowdhary S, Chalmers LM, Chamberlain PA (2006) Methotrexate-induced encephaloclastic cyst: a complication of intraventricular chemotherapy. Neurology 67(2):319

DeAngelis LM (1998) Current diagnosis and treatment of leptomeningeal metastasis. J Neurooncol 38(2–3): 245–252

Goeser CD, McLeary MS, Young LW (1998) Diagnostic imaging of ventriculoperitoneal shunt malfunctions and complications. Radiographics 18(3):635–651

Lishner M, Perrin RG, Feld R, Messner HA, Tuffnell PG, Elhakim T, Matlow A, Curtis JE (1990) Complications associated with Ommaya reservoirs in patients with cancer. The Princess Margaret Hospital experience and a review of the literature. Arch Intern Med 150(1): 173–176

Mechleb B, Khater F, Eid A, David G, Moorman JP (2003) Late onset Ommaya reservoir infection due to Staphylococcus aureus: case report and review of Ommaya Infections. J Infect 46(3):196–198

Ommaya AK (1984) Implantable devices for chronic access and drug delivery to the central nervous system. Cancer Drug Deliv 1(2):169–179

Sandberg DI, Bilsky MH, Souweidane MM, Bzdil J, Gutin PH (2000) Ommaya reservoirs for the treatment of leptomeningeal metastases. Neurosurgery 47(1):49–54; discussion 54–55

Stone JA, Castillo M, Mukherji SK (1999) Leukoen-­ cephalopathy complicating an Ommaya reservoir and chemotherapy. Neuroradiology 41(2):134–136

Ziereisen F, Dan B, Azzi N, Ferster A, Damry N, Christophe C (2006) Reversible acute methotrexate leukoencephalopathy: atypical brain MR imaging features. Pediatr Radiol 36(3):205–212

Chemotherapy Wafers

Attenello FJ, Mukherjee D, Datoo G, McGirt MJ, Bohan E, Weingart JD, Olivi A, Quinones-Hinojosa A, Brem H (2008) Use of Gliadel (BCNU) wafer in the surgical treatment of malignant glioma: a 10-year institutional experience. Ann Surg Oncol 15(10):2887–2893

Engelhard HH (2000) The role of interstitial BCNU chemotherapy in the treatment of malignant glioma. Surg Neurol 53(5):458–464

Giese A, Kucinski T, Knopp U, Goldbrunner R, Hamel W, Mehdorn HM, Tonn JC, Hilt D, Westphal M (2004) Pattern of recurrence following local chemotherapy with biodegradable carmustine (BCNU) implants in patients with glioblastoma. J Neurooncol 66(3):351–360

Wernicke AG, Sherr DL, Schwartz TH et al. (2010) Feasibility and safety of GilaSite brachytherapy in treatment of CNS tumors following neurosurgical resection. J Cancer Res Ther 6(1):65–74

Neurodegenerative,

Neuropsychiatric, and Epilepsy

Surgery

Prefrontal Lobotomy

Dorsey JF, Centner PJ (1951) Pantopaque-gelfoam method for the roentgen visualization of the plane of lobotomy. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther 65(2):277–278

Duncan AW, Schoene WC, Rumbaugh CL (1980) The computerized tomographic appearance of frontal lobotomy. Comput Tomogr 4(4):255–260

Kucharski A (1984) History of frontal lobotomy in the United States, 1935–1955. Neurosurgery 14(6):765–772 Manoj AL, Okubadejo A (2001) Bilateral frontal lobe

lesions. QJM 94(8):449

Uchino A, Kato A, Yuzuriha T, Takashima Y, Kudo S (2001) Cranial MR imaging of sequelae of prefrontal lobotomy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 22(2):301–304

Darakchiev BJ, Albright RE, Breneman JC, Warnick RE (2008) Safety and efficacy of permanent iodine-125 seed implants and carmustine wafers in patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. J Neurosurg 108(2):236–242

Patel S, Breneman JC, Warnick RE, Albright RE Jr, Tobler WD, van Loveren HR, Tew JM Jr (2000) Permanent iodine-125 interstitial implants for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. Neurosurgery 46(5):1123–1128; discussion 1128–1130

Cohn MC, Hudgins PA, Sheppard SK, Starr PA, Bakay RA (1998) Preand postoperative MR evaluation of stereotactic pallidotomy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 19(6):1075–1080

Krauss JK, Desaloms JM, Lai EC, King DE, Jankovic J, Grossman RG (1997) Microelectrode-guided poster-­ oventral pallidotomy for treatment of Parkinson’s disease: postoperative magnetic resonance imaging analysis. J Neurosurg 87(3):358–367

GliaSite Radiation Therapy System

Matheus MG, Castillo M, Ewend M, Smith JK, Knock L, Cush S, Morris DE (2004) CT and MR imaging after placement of the GliaSite radiation therapy system to treat brain tumor: initial experience. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 25(7):1211–1217

Rogers LR, Rock JP, Sillis AK et al. (2006) Results of a phase ii trial of the GliaSite radiation therapy system for treatment of newly diagnosed brain metastases. J Neurosurgery 105(3):375–384

Tatter SB, Shaw EG, Rosenblum ML et al. (2003) An inflatable balloon catheter and liquid 125I radiation source (GilaSite radiation therapy system) for treatment of recurrent malignant glioma; multicenter safety and feasibility trial. J Neurosurg 99(2):297–303

Cingulotomy

Harat M, Rudas M, Rybakowski J (2008) Psychosurgery: the past and present of ablation procedures. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 29(Suppl 1):105–122

Leiphart JW, Valone FH 3rd (2010) Stereotactic lesions for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. J Neurosurg 113(6):1204–1211

Mashour GA, Walker EE, Martuza RL (2005) Psychosurgery: past, present, and future. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 48(3):409–419

Sundararajan SH, Belani P, Danish S, Keller I. 2015 Early MRI Characteristics after MRI-Guided Laser-Assisted Cingulotomy for Intractable Pain Control. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol;36(7):1283–1287.

Yang JC, Ginat DT, Dougherty DD, Makris N, Eskandar EN. 2014 Lesion analysis for cingulotomy and limbic

leucotomy: comparison and correlation with clinical outcomes, J Neurosurg;120(1):152–163.

Subcaudate Tractotomy and Limbic

Leucotomy

Cauley KA, Waheed W, Salmela M, Filippi CG (2010) MR imaging of psychosurgery: rostral atrophy following stereotacic subcaudate tractotomy. Br J Radiol 83(995):e239–e242

Harat M, Rudas M, Rybakowski J (2008) Psychosurgery: the past and present of ablation procedures. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 29 Suppl 1:105–122

Thalamotomy

Jung HH, Chang WS, Rachmilevitch I, Tlusty T, Zadicario E, Chang JW. 2015 Different magnetic resonance imaging patterns after transcranial magnetic resonance-­guided focused ultrasound of the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus and anterior limb of the internal capsule in patients with essential tremor or obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Neurosurg;122(1):162–168

LipsmanN,SchwartzML,HuangY,LeeL,SankarT,Chapman M, Hynynen K, Lozano AM: MR-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor: a proof-of-con- cept study. Lancet Neurol 2013;12(5):462–468.

Wintermark M, Huss DS, Shah BB, Tustison N, Druzgal TJ, Kassell N, Elias WJ. Thalamic connectivity in patients with essential tremor treated with MR imaging-­guided focused ultrasound: in vivo fiber tracking by using diffusion-tensor MR imaging. Radiology 2014;272(1):202–209.

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)

Ackermans L, Temel Y, Visser-Vandewalle V. Deep brain stimulation in Tourette’s syndrome. Neurotherapeutics 2008;5:339–344.

Cleary DR, Ozpinar A, Raslan AM, Ko AL (2015) Deep brain stimulation for psychiatric disorders: where we are now. Neurosurg Focus 38(6):E2

Elias WJ, Lozano AM (2010) Deep brain stimulation: the spectrum of application. Neurosurg Focus 10;29(2): Introduction

Fenoy AJ, Simpson RK Jr (2014) Risks of common complications in deep brain stimulation surgery: management and avoidance. J Neurosurg 120(1):132–139

Kim JP, Chang WS, Park YS, Chang JW (2011) Impact of ventralis caudalis deep brain stimulation combined with stereotactic bilateral cingulotomy for treatment of post-stroke pain. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 90(1):9–15

Liu JK, Soliman H, Machado A, Deogaonkar M, Rezai AR (2012) Intracranial hemorrhage after removal of deep brain stimulation electrodes. J Neurosurg 116(3): 525–528

Lyons MK (2011) Deep brain stimulation: current and future clinical applications. Mayo Clin Proc 86(7):662–672

Maciunas RJ, Maddux BN, Riley DE, et al (2007) Prospective randomized double-blind trial of bilateral thalamic deep brain stimulation in adults with Tourette syndrome. J Neurosurg 107:1004–1014

Maddux B, Riley D, Whitney CM, Maciunas RJ (2007) Double-blind trial of thalamic DBS for Tourette syndrome: one-year follow-up. Neurology 68(suppl 1):A155

Pahwa R, Lyons KE, Wilkinson SB, Simpson RK Jr, Ondo WG, Tarsy D, Norregaard T, Hubble JP, Smith DA, Hauser RA, Jankovic J (2006) Long-term evaluation of deep brain stimulation of the thalamus. J Neurosurg 104(4): 506–512

Porta M, Brambilla A, Cavanna AE, et al (2009) Thalamic deep brain stimulation for treatment-refractory Tourette syndrome: two-year outcome. Neurology 73:1375–1380

Saint-Cyr JA, Hoque T, Pereira LC et al. (2002) Localization of clinically effective stimulating electrodes in the human subthalamic nucleus on magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurosurg 97:1152–1166

Welter ML, Mallet L, Houeto JL, et al (2008) Internal pallidal and thalamic stimulation in patients with Tourette syndrome. Arch Neurol 65:952–957

Zhang K, Bhatia S, Oh MY, Cohen D, Angle C, Whiting D (2010) Long-term results of thalamic deep brain stimulation for essential tremor. J Neurosurg 112(6): 1271–1276

Epidural Motor Cortex Stimulator

Brown JA, Pilitsis JG (2005) Motor cortex stimulation for central and neuropathic facial pain: a prospective study of 10 patients and observations of enhanced sensory and motor function during stimulation. Neurosurgery 56(2):290–297; discussion 290–297

Lefaucheur JP, Drouot X, Cunin P, Bruckert R, Lepetit H, Creange A, Wolkenstein P, Maison P, Keravel Y, Nguyen JP (2009) Motor cortex stimulation for the treatment of refractory peripheral neuropathic pain. Brain 132(Pt 6):1463–1471

Neural Interface System (BrainGate)

Chadwick EK, Blana D, Simeral JD, Lambrecht J, Kim SP, Cornwell AS, Taylor DM, Hochberg LR, Donoghue JP, Kirsch RF (2011) Continuous neuronal ensemble control of simulated arm reaching by a human with tetraplegia. J Neural Eng 8(3):034003