книги / Английский язык для горных инженеров

1.In Great Britain one can get higher education at colleges and universities.

2.Oxford, famous for its oldest university in Britain, is now one of the most important centres of the motor-car industry.

3.The speaker touched upon only one important problem — the state of higher education in Great Britain.

4.The training of mining engineers and geologists includes a comprehensive study of general subjects as well as special ones.

5.In the laboratory students learn to design new collieries and quarries, to build modem mines, dressing plants and reconstruct old ones.

Б

ГРАММАТИКА

Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты

Модальные глаголы выражают не действия, а отношение говорящего к действиям или состояниям. Главные глаголы этой группы: can, may, must, shall, should, will, would, ought to.

Иногда эти глаголы называют недостаточными, так как они:

а) не имеют форм инфинитива, причастия, повелитель­ ного наклонения;

б) имеют только формы настоящего времени, а некоторые

— форму прошедшего времени (например, can — could; may — might);

в) образуют вопросительную и отрицательную формы без вспомогательного глагола do (путем постановки модального глагола перед подлежащим и добавления отрицания not после них): May I go? Не cannot work.

г) не изменяются ни по лицам, ни по числам (в настоя­ щем времени в 3 л. ед. числа не имеют окончания -s): he can read, she may go.

Взамен недостающих форм глагола сап употребляется конструкция to be able to.

To have to употребляется вместо must и to be allowed to —

вместо may. (См. примеры в таблице.)

A university graduate leaves with the degree of Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science,2 which is an academic qualification awarded by universities.

For example, the University in Cardiff has become one of the largest in Wales. It is one of the four colleges which together with the Welsh National School of Medicine form the University of Wales. There is the Mining Engineering Department in the Univer­ sity of Wales. The Department deals with the whole range of extrac­ tive industries such as coal and metalliferous mining, quarrying and oil technology.

After graduating from the college a student can be recommended for entry to the university by a college authority and he can apply for admission to the university.3

At the Mining Department students may take several courses such as geology, mining engineering, mine surveying, quarrying, manage­ ment studies and others. It has become a tradition that the courses are based on an intensive tutorial system. It means that students are allotted4 to members of the teaching staff3 for individual tuition separately in mining, in quarrying and in mine surveying. The system is founded on that* of the older universities of Great Britain.

At the Department of Mining Engineering of the Newcastle Uni­ versity mining has now become a technically advanced profession. The Department of Mining Engineering trains industrially experienced en­ gineers through various advanced courses in rock mechanics and sur­ face excavation. For many years the Mining Engineering Department at Newcastle has recognized the need for highly-qualified engineers and realized that the courses in rock mechanics and surface excavation are of great importance for mining engineers.

At the University a student studies for three or four years. The organization of the academic year is based on a three-term system which usually runs from about the beginning of October to the middle of December, from the middle of January to the end of March and from the middle of April to the end of June or the be­ ginning of July.

Students course is designed on a modular basis. Modules are selfcontained ‘units’ of study, which are taught and assessed indepen­ dently of each other. When a student passes a module, he (she) gains a credit. All modules carry a number of credits. At the end of the term, the number of credits a student gets, determines the award he (she) receives. Each module is continuously assessed by coursework and/or end-of-term examinations.

Admission to the British universities is by examination and se­ lection. The minimum age for admission to the four-year course is normally 18 years. Departments usually interview all the candidates. The aim of the interview is to select better candidates.

Just over half of all university students live in colleges, halls of residence, or other accommodation provided by their university, another third lives in lodgings or privately rented accommodation; and the rest live at home.

ПОЯСНЕНИЯ К ТЕКСТУ

1.confer diplomas — присуждают дипломы

2.Bachelor of Arts — бакалавр искусств; Bachelor of Science — бакалавр наук

—ученые степени, присуждаемые в Англии и США оканчивающим уни­ верситет

3.to apply for admission to the university (college) — подать заявление о приеме

вуниверситет (колледж)

4.are allotted — распределяются

5.teaching staff — профессорско-преподавательский состав

6. ... on that of the older universities — на системе (that — слово, замещающее “the system”) более старых университетов

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

22. Определите, какие предложения соответствуют содержанию текста. Подтвердите свои ответы фактами из текста.1

1.At present there are about a hundred technical institutions in Great Britain.

2.It should be noted that British colleges confer degrees.

3.As a rule a college authority recommends the graduates for entry to the university.

4.At the Mining Engineering Department of the University of Wales the students study only metalliferous mining.

5.At the Mining Engineering Department the courses are based

on an intensive tutorial system.

6. The Mining Engineering Department at the Newcastle Univer­ sity has recognized the importance of teaching rock mechanics and surface excavation (open-cast mining).

23. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1.Are there many technical institutions in Great Britain?

2.What is the difference between colleges and universities?