книги / Английский язык для горных инженеров

ham, Coventry and Sheffield produced heavy machinery, motor­ cars and other equipment.These old industrial centres have devel­ oped new branches of industry: electronics, radio, the chemical industry and others.

33.Найдите в тексте Б предложения, в которых глагол-сказуемое выражает законченное действие.

34.Выполните задание по следующему образцу:

Образец: Say what the students have already done

(to pass their examinations).

The students have already passed their examinations.

1) Say what the students (a group of students) have (has) al­

ready done (topass examinations, to make experiments, topresenta re­ port, to write agraduationpaper, to havepracticalwork).

2) Say what the manager (the group of engineers, the authori­

ty) hasn’t (haven’t) done yet (to work outspecialmethods, to design a new computer,to equip laboratories,to introduce automated system

of planning and control of underground operations, to provide the laboratory with necessary equipment).

3) Say what the students (the geologists, the manager, the col­

lege, the miners) did (did not do) not long ago, last year, two

months ago, last week, etc. (to keep in close touch with industrial enterprises, to discover new deposits, to extract many tons ofcoal, to replace old equipment,to touch upon the problemoflabourproductiv­ ity, to attend lectures and classes).

35. Прочитайте предложения и определите, в каком из них следует употребить форму совершенного времени (The Perfect Tense). Переведите предложения, используя следующие слова и сочетания слов:

1.Они уже провели эксперимент.

2.Они провели эксперимент на прошлой неделе.

3.Этот молодой инженер закончил институт два года тому

назад.

4.В этом году он поступил в аспирантуру.

5.После того как геологи открыли природный газ, доля угля в топливном балансе района уменьшилась.

В

41. Прочитайте текст В без словаря. Кратко суммируйте его содеркапе по-русски.

ТЕКСТ В

In the USA the basic aim of technical higher education is the train­ ing of qualified specialists in a selected field oftechnology.

In the field of technical education they have a three-part programme: 1) The University programme for engineers and scientists. 2) The technical institute programme for engineering technicians. 3) The vocational trade programme.

The students can get mining education at special colleges and at mining departments of universities. For example, one of the oldest mining schools in the USA is the Colorado School of Mines. Early mining operations in the Territory of Colorado emphasized the need for a college to train mining engineers.

The Colorado School of Mines is situated in the mineral-producing area ofthe Rocky Mountains. The area is rich in non-ferrous metals such as molybdenum, vanadium, zinc and other deposits. Besides, Colorado has processing (dressing) plants, petroleum refineries and steel plants. Many coal mines are in operation throughout the area.

The field of study includes earth sciences (geology, geochemistry, geophysics and others) and engineering. The students may specialize in petrology, mineral deposits, mining engineering and other disci­ plines.

Field work is an important part of training. All students take part in a summer field course during their undergraduate programme. Geology laboratories are available within the Department of Geology for study and research.

The mining engineering students study the basic sciences, principles and technologies of mineral exploration, underground and surface operations, rock mechanics, mine ventilation, surveying, mine safety and operating research. The Department operates the experimental mine. It is a large and well-equipped laboratory for teaching and research in mining operations.

The education is fee-paying. The School collects fees at the begin­ ning of each semester. Semester fees include fees for health service, athletics, student centre and others. A student will not be allowed to take final examinations or be graduated if he (or she) has debts (долги) to the college.

Mining Schools

As is known young people who are in their last year at school are planning the next stage in their education. The variety of courses at universities and colleges is extensive but many young people don’t have any clear idea about the career they wish to fol­ low. Those who are primarily motivated by wealth tend to choose law, business administration, economics or accountancy. Those in­ terested in fame may choose the arts, the stage, or the media.

Except perhaps in the countries with successfiil manufacturing industries such as Germany and Japan, where engineers tend-to be held in higher regard, a career in engineering is not often recom­ mended with any enthusiasm by school teachers, politicians, TV, newspapers or teenage magazines. Those influencing young people tend to be pop singers, TV actors and sports stars.

It is no wonder, therefore, that many engineering degree courses find it difficult to attract student^,, with the result that young gradu­ ate engineers in many fields are in short supply worldwide. Courses in mineral resource engineering — mining geology, rock mechanics, mining, quarrying, mineral processing, and petroleum engineering have special difficulties in recruitment.

However, this is only part of the story. After graduation and the award of a degree, there is a strong wish to abandon the subject matter of the course and enter a career offering more reward: com­ merce, banking, accountancy or stock bracking. This causes disap­ pointment to the academy staff who wasted all their efforts to give useful practical knowledge to the students. There is one more bar­ rier to recruitment into the mining industry where management trainees should spend several years of practical training under­ ground or in the mill. Modern mining and processing machinery, computer controlled and high in output capacity, cannot and should not be operated by young management trainees: nowadays operators are often highly skilled and from their ranks should come the line supervisors. Management trainees, after a brief pe­ riod to acquire general knowledge about the operation, would be better trained by acting as assistants to managers and consulting engineers, and gain experience in planning surveying and ventilation departments, all areas where knowledge learned at a mining school can be utilized to good advantage.

It should be noted that there are mineral engineering courses which must provide a wide and general tuition, covering not only

4.Multistaged system of education is popular in rnany coun­ tries of the world. Is it popular in Russia? What appeals to you in this system?

5.The status of engineers in society is not high, is it? Why? What’s your view on the state of education for the mineral indus­ try engineers?

6.Highly educated people do much for their country, don’t they? What helps (to) make a person educated? Why do you think it is important that everyone should be educated?