!Экзамен зачет учебный год 2023-2024 / Грачева ФП-2
.pdf—:1>656@ 560:>:<:E ?07KFJ 3 560:>:<:E 9:03H33;
—A6@:K=55J@ :1>656@;
—:1>656@ 91=4<613A=0O5:>: ?0=4?A<3/ 9: 4=06@, 56Q:4/P3@?/ < 3Q 91:3M<:4?A<=, 913 5603D33 ?:>06?3/ 91:871:16.
%916<86 9: ?D=A6@ 3 <80646@ ;3M3D=?83Q 03H <J462A?/ 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H3=E:
—3@ ?6@3@;
—?746@;
—:1>656@ 91=4<613A=0O5:>: ?0=4?A<3/ 9: 4=06@, 56Q:4/P3@?/ < 3Q 91:3M<:4?A<=, 913 5603D33 ?:>06?3/ 91:871:16.
' ?07D6= ?@=1A3 <064=0OH=< <8064:< 3 ?D=A:< ?916<83 <J462A?/:
—03H6@, 786M655J@ <064=0OH=@ ?D=A6 303 <80646 < M6<=P6A=0O5:@ 16?9:1/K=533, ?4=0655:@ 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H3=E;
—5:A61360O5J@ 8:5A:16@ 9: 56Q:4/P3@?/ < 3Q 91:3M<:4?A<= 56?0=4?A<=55J@ 4=06@ : <80646Q 7@=1N3Q <8064D38:<;
—35:?A1655J@ 8:5?70O?83@ 7D1=K4=53/@ < ?07D6= ?@=1A3 35:?A1655JQ >16K465, <064=0OH=< ?D=A:<.
&?:F6/ :A<=A?A<=55:?A3 9: ?:F024=532 F658:<?8:E A6E5J <:M06>6=A?/ 56 .658 *:??33 3 6743A:1?83= ;31@J, 8:A:1J= 5= <916<= 16M>06N6AO ?<=4=53/ : ?D=A6Q, <80646Q, 8:581=A5JQ ?4=086Q, :9=16H3/Q, 9:07D=55J= 3@3 < Q:4= 91:<:43@JQ 91:<=1:8, < 1=M70OA6A= 3?9:05=53/ 8:5A1:0O5JQ 3 564M:15JQ ;758H3E 3 A.9.
S6 16M>06N=53= F658:<?8:E A6E5J .658 *:??33, 81=43A5J=, 6743A:1?83= 3 35J= :1>653M6H33, 6 A68K= 3Q 4:0K5:?A5J= 03H6 3 16F:A5383 5=?7A :A<=A?A<=55:?AO, <802D6/ <:M@=P=53= 565=?=55:>: 7P=1F6. %A6AO=E 27 S68:56 91=47?@:A1=5 9:1/4:8 560:K=53/ 61=?A6 56 4=5=K5J= ?1=4?A<6 3 35J= H=55:?A3 21343D=?83Q 3 ;3M3D=?83Q 03H, 56Q:4/P3Q?/ 56 ?D=A6Q 3 <: <80646Q 303 56 Q165=533 < 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33:
—?74:@ 303 61F3A16K5J@ ?74:@, ?74O=E;
—9: 9:?A65:<0=532 :1>65:< 91=4<613A=0O5:>: ?0=4?A<3/ 913 •5603D33 ?658H33 91:871:16.
)13 560:K=533 61=?A6 81=43A56/ :1>653M6H3/ 5=M6@=403A=0O5: 9: 9:07D=533 A68:>: 1=N=53/ 56M<655JQ :1>65:< 91=816P6=A 16?Q:45J= :9=16H33 9: 4655:@7 ?D=A7 (<80647) < 91=4=06Q ?1=4?A<, 56 8:A:1J= 560:K=5 61=?A.
-:5;3?86H3/ 4=5=K5JQ ?1=4?A< 3 417>3Q H=55:?A=E @:K=A FJAO 91:3M<=4=56 56 :?5:<6533 <?A793<N=>: < M68:5572 ?307 913>:<:16 ?746.
' 4=E?A<72P3E 9:1/4:8 91=4:?A6<0=53/ 35;:1@6H33 81=43A5J@3 :1>653M6H3/@3 FJ03 <5=?=5J 3M@=5=53/ < ?</M3 ? 9135/A3=@ !=4=160O5:>: M68:56 :A 7 6<>7?A6 2001 >. T 115-!S «& 91:A3-
348
2&J#%= VI. U&1'"0?'"% '$%#)B"0&1)%, $&?N%B>
<:4=E?A<33 0=>603M6H33 (:A@J<6532) 4:Q:4:<, 9:07D=55JQ 91=?A795J@ 97A=@»1. ' 56?A:/P== <1=@/ 9:40=K6A :F/M6A=0O5:@7 8:5A1:02 :9=16H33 ? 4=5=K5J@3 ?1=4?A<6@3 303 35J@ 3@7P=?A<:@, =?03 ?7@@6, 56 8:A:172 :56 ?:<=1N6=A?/, 16<56 303 91=<JN6=A 600 AJ? 17F. 3 :A5:?3A?/ 8 ?0=472P3@ <346@ :9=16H3E: 1) :9=16H33 ? 4=5=K5J@3 ?1=4?A<6@3 < 5603D5:E ;:1@= (56913@=1, ?5/A3= 3Q ?: ?D=A6 303 M6D3?0=53= 56 ?D=A 21343D=?8:>: 03H6; 9:87986 303 91:46K6 35:?A1655:E <602AJ; 913:F1=A=53= ;3M3D=?83@ 03H:@ H=55JQ F7@6>; :F@=5 F6585:A 3 41.); 2) M6D3?0=53= 303 9=1=<:4 56 ?D=A 4=5=K5JQ ?1=4?A<, 91=4:?A6<0=53= 303 9:07D=53= 81=43A6 (M6E@6), :9=16H33 ? H=55J@3 F7@6>6@3, =?03 Q:A/ FJ :45:E 3M ?A:1:5 /<0/=A?/ ;3M3D=?8:= 303 21343D=?8:= 03H:, 3@=2P== ?::A<=A?A<=55: 1=>3?A16H32 303 @=?A: K3A=0O?A<6 (56Q:K4=53/) < >:?7461?A<=, < :A5:N=533 8:A:1:>: 3@=2A?/ ?<=4=53/ : 5=M68:55:@ 91:3M<:4?A<= 5618:A3D=?83Q ?1=4?A<; 3) :9=16H33 9: F658:<?83@ ?D=A6@ (<80646@): 6) 16M@=P=53= 4=5=K5JQ ?1=4?A< <: <8064 (4=9:M3A) ? :;:1@0=53=@ 4:87@=5A:<, 74:?A:<=1/2P3Q <8064 (4=9:M3A) 56 91=4V/<3A=0/; F) :A81JA3= <80646 (4=9:M3A6) < 9:0OM7 A1=AO3Q 03H; <) 9=1=<:4 4=5=K5JQ ?1=4?A< M6 >1653H7 56 ?D=A (<: <8064), :A81JAJE 56 65:53@5:>: <064=0OH6, 3 9:?A790=53= 4=5=K5JQ ?1=4?A< 3M-M6 >1653HJ ?: ?D=A6 (? <80646), :A81JA:>: 56 65:53@5:>: <064=0OH6; <) M6D3?0=53= 56 ?<:E ?D=A 303 ?93?653= ?: ?<:=>: ?D=A6 4=5=K5JQ ?1=4?A< 21343D=?83@ 03H:@, 9=13:4 4=/A=0O5:?A3 8:A:1:>: 5= 91=<JN6=A A1=Q @=?/H=< ?: 45/ =>: 1=>3?A16H33, 03F: 21343D=?83@ 03H:@, :9=16H33 9: ?D=A6@ 8:A:1:>: 5= 91:3M<:4303?O ? @:@=5A6 3Q :A81JA3/; 4) 35J= ?4=083 ? 4<3K3@J@ 3@7P=?A<:@.
,655J= ?<=4=53/ 91=4?A6<0/2A?/ < -:@3A=A *! 9: ;3565?:<:@7 @:53A:135>7.
§ 4. 8B0%B?B0%11"?BC '$%#)B1>H "$D&1)J&()* J& 1&$EO%1)% I&1'"0?'"D" J&'"1"#&B%=C?B0&. !"$A#"' "BJ>0& =)(%1J)* E '$%#)B1>H "$D&1)J&()* ) )H =)'0)#&()A
' ?::A<=A?A<33 ? S68:5:@ «& Y=5A160O5:@ F658= *:??3E?8:E !=4=16H33 (.658= *:??33)» < ?07D6= 5617N=53/ 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H3=E ;=4=160O5JQ M68:5:<, 5:1@6A3<5JQ 68A:< 3 91=493?653E
.6586 *:??33, 5=91=4?A6<0=53/ 35;:1@6H33, 91=4?A6<0=53/ 5=9:05:E 303 5=4:?A:<=15:E 35;:1@6H33 .658 *:??33 3@==A 916<: A1=F:<6AO :A 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33 7?A165=53/ <J/<0=55JQ 5617N=53E, <MJ?83<6AO NA16; < 16M@=1= 4: :45:E 4=?/A:E 91:H=5A6 :A 16M@=16 @353@60O5:>: 7?A6<5:>: 8693A606 03F: :>1653D3<6AO 91:<=4=53= :A4=0O5JQ :9=16H3E 56 ?1:8 4: N=?A3 @=?/H=<.
' ?07D6= 5=<J9:05=53/ < 7?A65:<0=55JE .658:@ *:??33 ?1:8 91=493?653E :F 7?A165=533 5617N=53E, 6 A68K= < ?07D6= =?03 RA3 5617N=53/ 303 ?:<=1N6=@J= 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H3=E :9=16H33 ?:M4603 1=60O572 7>1:M7 35A=1=?6@ 81=43A:1:< (<8064D38:<), .658
=)$"0&1)% I&1'"0?'"D" '$%#)B"0&1)A
913@=53AO 8 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33 ?0=472P3=
*:??3E?86/ >6M=A6. 2001 T 151 — 152
*:??33 <916<= ?658H33:
1)<MJ?86AO ? 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33 NA16; 4: 1% :906D=55:>: 7?A6<5:>: 8693A606, 5: 5= F:0== 1% @353@60O5:>: 16M@=16 7?A6<5:>: 8693A606;
2)9:A1=F:<6AO :A 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33:
—:?7P=?A<0=53/ @=1:913/A3E 9: ;3565?:<:@7 :M4:1:<0=532 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33, < A:@ D3?0= 3M@=5=53/ ?A178A71J 68A3<:<;
—M6@=5J 178:<:43A=0=E 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33;
—1=:1>653M6H33 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33;
3)3M@=53AO 40/ 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33 :F/M6A=0O5J= 5:1@6A3<J 56 ?1:8 4: N=?A3 @=?/H=<;
4)<<=?A3 M691=A 56 :?7P=?A<0=53= 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H3=E :A4=0O5JQ F658:<?83Q :9=16H3E, 91=47?@:A1=55JQ <J4655:E 03H=5M3=E, 56 ?1:8 4: :45:>: >:46, 6 A68K= 56 :A81JA3= ;30360:< 56 ?1:8 4: :45:>: >:46;
5)56M56D3AO <1=@=5572 64@353?A16H32 9: 7916<0=532 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H3=E 56 ?1:8 4: 6 @=?/H=<. ):1/4:8 56M56D=53/ 3 4=/A=0O5:?A3 <1=@=55:E 64@353?A16H33 7?A656<03<6=A?/ ;=4=- 160O5J@3 M68:56@3 3 3M46<6=@J@3 < ?::A<=A?A<33 ? 53@3 5:1@6A3<5J@3 68A6@3 .6586 *:??33;
6) <<=?A3 16?D=A 56 :?7P=?A<0=53= 1=:1>653M6H33 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33, =?03 < 1=M70OA6A= == 91=<=4=53/ <:M53857A :?5:<653/ 40/ 913@=5=53/ @=1 91=4791=K4=53/ F6581:A?A<6 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33.
-1=43A56/ :1>653M6H3/ 5= @:K=A FJAO 913<0=D=56 < :A<=A?A<=55:?A3 .658:@ *:??33 M6 4:97P=55J= 5617N=53/, =?03 ? @:@=5A6 =>: ?:<=1N=53/ 3?A=80: 5 0=A;
7) 91=40:K3AO 7D1=43A=0/@ (7D6?A5386@) 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33, 8:A:1J= ?6@:?A:/A=0O5: 303 < ?307 ?7P=?A<72P=>: @=K47 53@3 ?:>06N=53/, 03F: 7D6?A3/ < 8693A60= 417> 417>6, 03F: 35JQ ?:?A6<:< 91/@:>: 303 8:?<=55:>: <:M4=E?A<3/ 6E1L# "$CE$<,$?#H :86MJ<6AO <03/53= 56 1=N=53= :F 7<=03D=533 ?:F?A<=55JQ ?1=4?A< (8693A606) 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33 4: 16M@=16, :F=?9=D3<62P=>: ?:F024=53= =>: :F/M6A=0O5JQ 5:1@6A3<:<.
.658 *:??33 <916<= :A:M<6AO 7 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33 03H=5M32 56 :?7P=?A<0=53= F658:<?83Q :9=16H3E 9: :?5:<653/@, 91=47?@:A1=55J@ !=4=160O5J@ M68:5:@ «& F6586Q 3 F658:<?8:E 4=/A=0O5:?A3». ):1/4:8 :AMJ<6 03H=5M33 56 :?7P=?A<0=53= F658:<?83Q :9=16H3E 7?A656<03<6=A?/ 5:1@6A3<5J@3 68A6@3 .6586 *:??33.
.658 *:??33 @:K=A :A:M<6AO 03H=5M32 56 :?7P=?A<0=53= F658:<?83Q :9=16H3E A:0O8: < ?07D6/Q, 91=47?@:A1=55JQ ?A. 20 !=4=160O5:>: M68:56 «& F6586Q 3 F658:<?8:E 4=/A=0O5:?A3»: 7?A65:<0=53/ 5=4:?A:<=15:?A3 ?<=4=53E, 56 :?5:<6533 8:A:1JQ <J4656 03H=5M3/;
M64=1K83 56D606 :?7P=?A<0=53/ F658:<?83Q :9=16H3E, 91=47?@:A1=55JQ RA:E 03H=5M3=E, F:0== D=@ 56 >:4 ?: 45/ == <J46D3;
7?A65:<0=53/ ;68A:< ?7P=?A<=55:E 5=4:?A:<=15:?A3 :AD=A5JQ
350
2&J#%= VI. U&1'"0?'"% '$%#)B"0&1)%, $&?N%B>
4655JQ; M64=1K83 F:0== D=@ 56 15 45=E 91=4?A6<0=53/ =K=@=?/D5:E :AD=A5:?A3 (:AD=A5:E 4:87@=5A6H33);
:?7P=?A<0=53/, < A:@ D3?0= :45:816A5:>:, F658:<?83Q :9=16H3E, 5= 91=47?@:A1=55JQ 03H=5M3=E
.6586 *:??33;
5=3?9:05=53/ ;=4=160O5JQ M68:5:<, 1=>703172P3Q F658:<?872 4=/A=0O5:?AO, 6 A68K= 5:1@6A3<5JQ 68A:< .6586 *:??33, =?03 < A=D=53= :45:>: >:46 8 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33 5=:45:816A5: 913@=5/03?O @=1J, 91=47?@:A1=55J= !=4=160O5J@ M68:5:@ «& Y=5A160O5:@ F658= *:??3E?8:E !=4=16H33 (.658= *:??33)», 6 A68K= 5=:45:816A5:>: 5617N=53/ < A=D=53= :45:>: >:46 A1=F:<653E !=4=160O5:>: M68:56 «& 91:A3<:4=E?A<33 0=>603M6H33 (:A@J<6532) 4:Q:4:<, 9:07D=55JQ 91=?A795J@ 97A=@»;
5=:45:816A5:>: < A=D=53= >:46 <35:<5:>: 5=3?9:05=53/ ?:4=1K6P3Q?/ < 3?9:053A=0O5JQ 4:87@=5A6Q ?74:<, 61F3A16K5JQ ?74:< A1=F:<653E : <MJ?86533 4=5=K5JQ ?1=4?A< ?: ?D=A:< (<8064:<) 803=5A:< 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33 913 5603D33 4=5=K5JQ ?1=4?A< 56 ?D=A= (<: <8064=) 786M655JQ 03H;
5603D3/ Q:46A6E?A<6 <1=@=55:E 64@353?A16H33, =?03 8 @:@=5A7 :8:5D653/ ?1:86 4=/A=0O5:?A3 786M655:E 64@353?A16H33, 7?A65:<0=55:>: !=4=160O5J@ M68:5:@ :A 8 /5<61/ 1998 >. T 6-!S «& 5=?:?A:/A=0O5:?A3 (F6581:A?A<=) 81=43A5JQ :1>653M6H3E»1 3@=2A?/ :?5:<653/ 40/ == 56M56D=53/, 91=47?@:A1=55J= 786M655J@ !=4=160O5J@ M68:5:@.
'M68:5:46A=0O?A<= 91=47?@:A1=5: 5= A:0O8: 916<: .6586 *:??33 :A:M<6AO 03H=5M32, 5: 913 :91=4=0=55JQ 7?0:<3/Q 3 :F/M655:?AO :A:M<6AO 7 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33 ?::A<=A?A<72P72 03H=5M32.
'53K=9=1=D3?0=55JQ ?07D6/Q .658 *:??33 :F/M65 :A:M<6AO 03H=5M32 56 :?7P=?A<0=53= F658:<?83Q :9=16H3E:
=?03 4:?A6A:D5:?AO 8693A606 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33 ?A65:<3A?/ 53K= 2%. (?03 < A=D=53= 9:?0=453Q 12 @=?/H=<, 91=4N=?A<72P3Q @:@=5A7, 8:>46 7 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33 4:0K56 FJAO :A:M<656 786M6556/ 03H=5M3/, .658 *:??33 3M@=5/0 @=A:4387 16?D=A6 4:?A6A:D5:?A3 8693A606 81=43A5JQ :1>653M6H3E, 913@=5/=A?/ A6 @=A:4386, < ?::A<=A?A<33 ? 8:A:1:E 4:?A6A:D5:?AO 8693A606 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33 4:?A3>6=A @68?3@60O5:>: M56D=53/;
=?03 16M@=1 ?:F?A<=55JQ ?1=4?A< (8693A606) 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33 53K= @353@60O5:>: 16M@=16 7?A6<5:>: 8693A606, 7?A65:<0=55:>: .658:@ *:??33 56 46A7 1=>3?A16H33 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33; =?03 81=43A56/ :1>653M6H3/ 5= 3?9:05/=A < ?1:8, 7?A65:<0=55JE !=4=160O5J@ M68:5:@ «& 5=?:?A:/A=0O5:?A3 (F6581:A?A<=) 81=43A5JQ :1>653M6H3E», A1=F:<653/ .6586 *:??33 : 913<=4=533 < ?::A<=A?A<3= <=03D35J 7?A6<5:>: 8693A606 3 16M@=16 ?:F?A<=55JQ ?1=4?A< (8693A606);
=?03 81=43A56/ :1>653M6H3/ 5= ?9:?:F56 74:<0=A<:13AO A1=F:<653/ 81=43A:1:< 9: 4=5=K5J@ :F/M6A=0O?A<6@ 3 (303) 3?9:053AO :F/M655:?AO 9: 7906A= :F/M6A=0O5JQ 906A=K=E < A=D=53= :45:>: @=-
%S *! 1999 T9 %A 1097, 2001 T26 %A 2590
______<=&0& 17. 2%DE=)$"0&1)% I&1'"0?'"D" '$%#)B"0&1)A 351
?/H6 ? 56?A790=53/ 46AJ 3Q 74:<0=A<:1=53/ 3 (303) 3?9:05=53/ )13 RA:@ 786M655J= A1=F:<653/ < ?:<:8795:?A3 4:0K5J ?:?A6<0/AO 5= @=5== 1000-816A5:>: 16M@=16 @353@60O5:>: 16M@=16 :906AJ A1746, 7?A65:<0=55:>: ;=4=160O5J@ M68:5:@.
.658 *:??33 :F/M65 :A:M<6AO 7 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33 03H=5M32 56 :?7P=?A<0=53= F658:<?83Q :9=16H3E < A=D=53= 15 45=E ?: 45/ 9:07D=53/ :1>656@3 .6586 *:??33, :A<=A?A<=55J@3 M6 :AMJ< 786M655:E 03H=5M33, 4:?A:<=15:E 35;:1@6H33 : 5603D33 :?5:<653E 40/ :AMJ<6 RA:E 03H=5M33 7 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33. ' ?A. 20 S68:56 «& F6586Q 3 F658:<?8:E 4=/A=0O5:?A3» ?:4=1K3A?/ M691=-* P62P6/ ;3565?:<:-916<:<6/ 5:1@6, ?:>06?5: 8:A:1:E :AMJ< 03H=5M33 56 :?7P=?A<0=53= F658:<?83Q :9=16H3E 9: 417>3@ :?5:<653/@, M6 3?802D=53=@ :?5:<653E, 91=47?@:A1=55JQ 786M655J@ S68:5:@, 5= 4:97?86=A?/.
*=N=53= .6586 *:??33 :F :AMJ<= 7 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33 03H=5M33 56 :?7P=?A<0=53= F658:<?83Q :9=16H3E <?A796=A < ?307 ?: 45/ 9135/A3/ ?::A<=A?A<72P=>: 68A6 .6586 *:??33 3 @:K=A FJAO :FK60:<65: < A=D=53= 30 45=E ?: 45/ 97F0386H33 ?::FP=53/ :F :AMJ<= 03H=5M33 56 :?7P=?A<0=53= F658:<?83Q :9=16H3E < :;3H360O5:@ 3M46533 .6586 *:??33 «'=?A538= .6586 *:??33». &FK60:<653= 4655:>: 1=N=53/ .6586 *:??33, 6 A68K= 913@=5=53= @=1 9: :F=?9=D=532 3?8:< < :A5:N=533 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33 5= 913:?A656<03<62A 4=E?A<3/ 786M655:>: 1=N=53/
.6586 *:??33.
%::FP=53= :F :AMJ<= 03H=5M33 56 :?7P=?A<0=53= F658:<?83Q :9=16H3E 97F0387=A?/ .658:@ *:??33 < «'=?A538= F6586 *:??33» < 5=4=0O5JE ?1:8 ?: 45/ 9135/A3/ ?::A<=A?A<72P=>: 1=N=53/. &AMJ< 7 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33 03H=5M33 56 :?7P=?A<0=53= F658:<?83Q :9=16H3E <0=D=A M6 ?:F:E == 038<346H32.
.658 *:??33 9:?0= :AMJ<6 7 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33 03H=5M33 56 :?7P=?A<0=53= F658:<?83Q :9=16H3E 5= 9:M45== 16F:D=>: 45/, ?0=472P=>: M6 45=@ :AMJ<6 786M655:E 03H=5M33, 56M56D6=A < 81=43A572 :1>653M6H32 <1=@=5572 64@353?A16H32 < ?::A<=A?A<33 ? A1=F:<653/@3 !=4=160O5:>: M68:56 «& 5=?:?A:/A=0O5:?A3 (F6581:A?A<=) 81=43A5JQ :1>653M6H3E».
' A=D=53= 30 45=E ? 46AJ 97F0386H33 < «'=?A538= .6586 *:??33» ?::FP=53/ :F :AMJ<= 7 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33 03H=5M33 56 :?7P=?A<0=53= F658:<?83Q :9=16H3E .658 *:??33 :F/M65 :F16A3AO?/ < 61F3A16K5JE ?74 ? A1=F:<653=@ : 038<346H33 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33, M6
3?802D=53=@ ?07D6/, 8:>46 8 @:@=5A7 :AMJ<6 786M655:E 03H=5M33 7 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33 3@=2A?/ 913M5683 5=?:?A:/A=0O5:?A3 (F6581:A?A<6), 91=47?@:A1=55J= !=4=160O5J@ M68:5:@ «& 5=?:?A:/A=0O5:?A3 (F6581:A?A<=) 81=43A5JQ :1>653M6H3E». &45:<1=@=55: .658 *:??33 :F/M65 91=4?A6<3AO < 61F3A16K5JE ?74 8654346A717 038<346A:16, ?::A<=A?A<72P72 A1=F:<653/@, 91=4V/<0/=@J@ !=4=160O5J@ M68:5:@ «& 5=?:?A:/A=0O5:?A3 (F6581:A?A<=) 81=43A5JQ :1>653M6H33» 8 61F3A16K5J@ 7916<0/2P3@ 913 F6581:A?A<= 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33, =?03 35:= 5= 7?A65:<0=5: ;=4=160O5J@ M68:5:@
352
2&J#%= VI. U&1'"0?'"% '$%#)B"0&1)%, $&?N%B>
(?03 8 @:@=5A7 :AMJ<6 7 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33 03H=5M33 56 :?7P=?A<0=53= F658:<?83Q :9=16H3E 7 5== 3@=2A?/ 913M5683 5=?:?A:/A=0O5:?A3 (F6581:A?A<6), 91=47?@:A1=55J= !=4=160O5J@ M68:5:@ «& 5=?:?A:/A=0O5:?A3 (F6581:A?A<=) 81=43A5JQ :1>653M6H3E», 303 5603D3= RA3Q 913M568:< 7?A65:<0=5:
<1=@=55:E 64@353?A16H3=E, 56M56D=55:E .658:@ *:??33 < 81=43A572 :1>653M6H32 9:?0= :AMJ<6 7 5== 03H=5M33, .658 *:??33 :F16P6=A?/ < 61F3A16K5JE ?74 ? M6/<0=53=@ : 913M56533 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33 F6581:A:@ < 9:1/48=, 7?A65:<0=55:@ !=4=160O5J@ M68:5:@ «& 5=?:?A:/A=0O5:?A3 (F6581:A?A<=) 81=43A5JQ :1>653M6H3E».
% @:@=5A6 :AMJ<6 7 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33 03H=5M33 56 :?7P=?A<0=53= F658:<?83Q :9=16H3E 56?A7962A ?0=472P3= 21343D=?83= 9:?0=4?A<3/:
1)?D3A6=A?/ 56?A793<N3@ ?1:8 3?9:05=53/ :F/M6A=0O?A< 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33. &F/M6A=0O?A<6 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33 < 35:?A1655:E <602A= 7D3AJ<62A?/ 9: 871?7 .6586 *:??33, 4=E?A<:<6<N=@7 56 46A7 :AMJ<6 7 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33 786M655:E 03H=5M33;
2)91=816P6=A?/ 56D3?0=53= 91:H=5A:<, 6 A68K= 5=7?A:=8 (NA16;:<, 9=5=E) 3 560:K=53/ 35JQ ;3565?:<JQ (R8:5:@3D=?83Q) ?658H3E 9: :F/M6A=0O?A<6@ 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33;
3)913:?A656<03<6=A?/ 3?9:05=53= 3?9:053A=0O5JQ 4:87@=5A:<, <J4655JQ 56 :?5:<6533 ?74=F5JQ
1=N=53E 9: 3@7P=?A<=55J@ <MJ?8653/@ (M6 3?802D=53=@ 3?9:05=53/ 3?9:053A=0O5JQ 4:87@=5A:< : <MJ?86533 M64:0K=55:?A3 9: M616F:A5:E 906A=, <J906A= <:M56>16K4=53E 9: 6<A:1?83@ 4:>:<:16@, 603@=5A:<, 6 A68K= : <:M@=P=533 <1=46, 913D35=55:>: K3M53 3 M4:1:<O2, @:160O5:>: <1=46), <?A793<N3Q < M68:5572 ?307 4: @:@=5A6 :AMJ<6 7 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33 03H=5M33 56 :?7P=?A<0=53= F658:<?83Q :9=16H3E;
4) M691=P6=A?/ 4: @:@=5A6 ?:M4653/ 038<346H3:55:E 8:@3??33 (038<346A:16) 303 56M56D=53/ 61F3A16K5J@ ?74:@ 8:5871?5:>: 7916<0/2P=>: M6802D=53= ?4=0:8 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33 3 3?9:0- 5=53= :F/M6A=0O?A< 9: ?4=086@ 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33 (M6 3?802D=53=@ ?4=0:8, ?</M655JQ ? A=87P3@3 8:@@7560O5J@3 3 R8?9076A6H3:55J@3 906A=K6@3 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33, 6 A68K= ? <J906A:E <JQ:45JQ 9:?:F3E 3 :906A:E A1746 03H, 16F:A62P3Q 9: A174:<:@7 4:>:<:17 (8:5A168A7) < 91=4=06Q ?@=AJ 16?Q:4:<, ?:>06?7=@:E ? .658:@ *:??33 03F: ? 79:05:@:D=55J@ 91=4?A6<3A=0=@ .6586 *:??33 (< ?07D6= =>: 56M56D=53/).
):?0= :AMJ<6 7 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33 03H=5M33 56 :?7P=?A<0=53= F658:<?83Q :9=16H3E ?1=4?A<6 :F/M6A=0O5JQ 1=M=1<:<, 4=9:531:<655J= 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H3=E < .658= *:??33, 9=1=D3?0/2A?/ 56 ?D=A 038<346H3:55:E 8:@3??33 (038<346A:16) 303 8:5871?5:>: 7916<0/2P=>: 3 3?9:0OM72A?/ < 9:1/48=, 7?A65:<0=55:@ ;=4=160O5J@3 M68:56@3 3 3M46<6=@J@3 < ?::A<=A?A<33 ? 53@3 68A6@3 .6586 *:??33.
-1=43A5J= :1>653M6H33, 868 :A@=D60:?O <JN=, 913 5=4:?A6A8= ?1=4?A< 40/ :?7P=?A<0=53/ 81=43A:<653/ ?:F?A<=55JQ 803=5A:<
______<=&0& 17. 2%DE=)$"0&1)% I&1'"0?'"D" '$%#)B"0&1)A 353
3 <J9:05=53/ 9135/AJQ 56 ?=F/ :F/M6A=0O?A< @:>7A :F16P6AO?/ M6 9:07D=53=@ 81=43A:< < .658 *:??33 56 7?0:<3/Q, :91=4=0/=@JQ .658:@ *:??33.
' H=0/Q <:M4=E?A<3/ 56 038<345:?AO F658:<?8:E ?3?A=@J .658 *:??33 1=;3565?317=A 81=43A5J= :1>653M6H33 97A=@ 91=4:?A6<0=53/ 3@ 816A8:?1:D5JQ 81=43A:< 9: 7D=A5:E ?A6<8= .6586 *:??33 3 :91=4=0/=A ;:1@7 :F=?9=D=53/ 4655:>: 81=43A6.
)1=4:?A6<0// 81=43A5J@ :1>653M6H3/@ 81=43A, .658 *:??33 <?A796=A ? 53@3 < >16K465?8:-916<:<J= :A5:N=53/, ?A1:/P3=?/ 56 56D606Q 21343D=?8:>: 16<=5?A<6 ?A:1:5.
S6=@P383 — 21343D=?83= 03H6, < A:@ D3?0= F6583 3 5=F658:<?83= 81=43A5J= :1>653M6H33, 5= <J9:05/2P3= ?<:3 :F/M655:?A3 9: ?<:=<1=@=55:@7 <:M<16A7 9:07D=55JQ 81=43A:<, @:>7A FJAO 913M565J < 7?A65:<0=55:@ 9:1/48= 5=?:?A:/A=0O5J@3 (F6581:A6@3) ? :97F038:<653=@ ?::A<=A?A<72P=>: 1=N=53/ < 9=D6A3.
&?5:<653/ 913M5653/ ?74:@ 8:581=A5:>: 21343D=?8:>: 03H6, < A:@ D3?0= 3 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33, F6581:A:@ 303 :FV/<0=53= 3@ : ?<:=@ F6581:A?A<=, 6 A68K= 9:1/4:8 038<346H33 A68:>: 21343D=?8:>: 03H6 7?A656<03<6=A?/ ;=4=160O5J@3 M68:56@3. &FP3E !=4=160O5JE M68:5 «& 5=?:?A:/A=0O5:?A3 (F6581:A?A<=)» FJ0 9135/A 8 /5<61/ 1998 >.1 &?:F=55:?A3 :?5:<653E 3 91:H=471 913M5653/ 81=43A5JQ :1>653M6H3E 5=?:?A:/A=0O5J@3 (F6581:A6@3) 3 3Q 038<346H3/ < 9:1/48= 8:5871?5:>: 91:3M<:4?A<6
7?A65:<0=5J ?9=H360O5J@ !=4=160O5J@ M68:5:@ «& 5=?:?A:/A=0O5:?A3 (F6581:A?A<=) 81=43A5JQ :1>653M6H3E» :A 25 ;=<160/ 1999>. T 40-!S2. ' ?::A<=A?A<33 ? !=4=160O5J@ M68:5:@ «& 5=?:?A:/A=0O5:?A3 (F6581:A?A<=) 81=43A5JQ :1>653M6H3E» 916<:@ 56 :F16P=53= < 61F3A16K5JE ?74 ? M6/<0=53=@ : 913M56533 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33 F6581:A:@ :F06462A 16M03D5J= ?7FV=8AJ: 81=43A56/ :1>653M6H3/ — 4:0K538, 81=43A:1 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33, .658 *:??33, 91:871:1 < ?07D6/Q, 91=47?@:A1=55JQ M68:5:@, 560:>:<JE 303 35:E 79:05:@:D=55JE :1>65. ,=0: : F6581:A?A<= @:K=A FJAO <:MF7K4=5: 61F3A16K5J@ ?74:@ A:0O8: 9:?0= :AMJ<6 7 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33 03H=5M33 56 :?7- P=?A<0=53= F658:<?83Q :9=16H3E. )13 RA:@ A1=F:<653/ 81=43A:1:< 8 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33, 868 :A@=D60:?O 165==, < ?:<:8795:?A3 4:0K5J ?:?A6<0/AO 5= @=5== :45:E AJ?/D3 @353@60O5JQ 16M@=1:< :906AJ A1746, 7?A65:<0=55JQ ;=4=160O5J@ M68:5:@, 3 3?9:05/AO?/ < A=D=53= :45:>: @=?/H6 ? @:@=5A6 56?A790=53/ ,6AJ 3Q 3?9:05=53/.
$1F3A16K5JE ?74 16??@6A13<6=A A1=F:<653= : 038<346H33 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33 < ?::A<=A?A<33 ? 916<306@3, 7?A65:<0=55J@3 $1F3A16K5J@ 91:H=??760O5J@ 8:4=8?:@ *:??3E?8:E !=4=16H33. $1F3A16K5JE ?74 91353@6=A 1=N=53= : 038<346H33 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33 3 56M56D=533 038<346A:16 3M D3?06 8654346A71, 91=4-
2
/0 (1. 1998. 22. /,. 222
' /0 (1. 1999. 2 9. /,. 1097; 2001. 2 26. /,. 2590.
23 - 9677
354
2&J#%= VI. U&1'"0?'"% '$%#)B"0&1)%, $&?N%B>
?A6<0=55JQ =@7 .658:@ *:??33, =?03 5= F74=A 4:86M65: 5603D3= 913M568:< F6581:A?A<6 56 @:@=5A :AMJ<6 7 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33 03H=5M33 56 :?7P=?A<0=53= F658:<?83Q :9=16H3E.
% @:@=5A6 <J5=?=53/ 61F3A16K5J@ ?74:@ 1=N=53/ : 038<346H33 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33 56?A7962A ?0=472P3= 916<:<J= 9:?0=4?A<3/:
— :1>65J 7916<0=53/ 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33, < A:@ D3?0= 038<346H3:556/ 8:@3??3/ (038<346A:1), =?03 :53 3MF165J (56M56D=5J) 1=N=53=@ ?:F1653/ 7D1=43A=0=E (7D6?A538:<) 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33, :A?A165/2A?/ :A <J9:05=53/ ;758H3E 9: 7916<0=532 == 4=06@3, < A:@ D3?0= 9: 16?9:1/K=532 == 3@7P=?A<:@, 3 < A1=Q45=<5JE ?1:8 :F=?9=D3<62A 9=1=46D7 038<346A:17 F7Q>60A=1?8:E 3 35:E 4:87@=5A6H33, @6A=1360O5JQ 3 35JQ H=55:?A=E, 9=D6A=E 3 NA6@9:< 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33;
—?<=4=53/ : ;3565?:<:@ ?:?A:/533 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33 9=1=?A62A FJAO :A5=?=55J@3 8 86A=>:133 ?<=4=53E, 5:?/P3Q 8:5;34=5H360O5JE Q6168A=1 03F: /<0/2P3Q?/ 8:@@=1D=?8:E A6E5:E;
—?53@62A?/ 165== 560:K=55J= 61=?AJ 56 3@7P=?A<: 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33 3 35J= :>1653D=53/ 9: 16?9:1/K=532 == 3@7P=?A<:@. #60:K=53= 5:<JQ 61=?A:< 56 3@7P=?A<: 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33 3 <<=4=53= 35JQ :>1653D=53E 9: 16?9:1/K=532 == 3@7P=?A<:@ 5= 4:97?862A?/;
—<?= A1=F:<653/ 8 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33 @:>7A FJAO 91=4V/<0=5J 3 9:40=K6A 74:<0=A<:1=532 A:0O8: < 91:H=??= == 038<346H33.
(?03 038<346A:1 ?<:3@3 91:A3<:M68:55J@3 4=E?A<3/@3 (F=M4=E?A<3=@) 913D3530 7FJA83, A: 7D1=43A=03 (7D6?A5383) 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33 3 == 81=43A:1J <916<= 9:A1=F:<6AO :A 038<346A:16 3Q <:M@=P=53/ < ?::A<=A?A<33 ? M68:5:46A=0O?A<:@.
X38<346A:1 56916<0/=A 40/ :97F038:<653/ :FV/<0=53= : 038<346H33 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33 < «'=?A538 .6586 *:??33» 5= 9:M45== 9/A3 16F:D3Q 45=E ?: 45/ ?<:=>: 56M56D=53/.
I1=F:<653/ 81=43A:1:< 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33 56916<0/2A?/ 038<346A:17 9: 9:DA:<:@7 641=?7, 786M655:@7 < :97F038:<655:@ :FV/<0=533 : 038<346H33 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33, :45:<1=@=55: ? 4:87@=5A6@3, 56 :?5:<6533 16??@:A1=53/ 8:A:1JQ 038<346A:1 91353@6=A 1=N=53= : 913M56533 (303 5=913M56533) 786M655JQ A1=F:<653E 7?A65:<0=55J@3.
X38<346A:1 ?:?A6<0/=A 3 91=4?A6<0/=A < .658 *:??33 40/ ?:>06?:<653/ 91:@=K7A:D5JE 038<346H3:55JE F6065? 3 038<346H3:55JE F6065?, F7Q>60A=1?872 3 ?A6A3?A3D=?872 :AD=A5:?AO 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33 < 9:1/48= 3 ?1:83, 8:A:1J= 7?A65:<0=5J ;=4=160O5J@3 M68:56@3 3 9135/AJ@3 < ?::A<=A?A<33 ? 53@3 5:1@6A3<5J@3 68A6@3 .6586 *:??33.
' ?07D6= 5=3?9:05=53/ 303 5=5640=K6P=>: 3?9:05=53/ 038<346A:1:@ <:M0:K=55JQ 56 5=>: :F/M655:?A=E 61F3A16K5JE ?74 <916<=:
913M56AO 5=4=E?A<3A=0O5J@3 ?4=083, M6802D=55J= 303 ?:<=1N=55J= 038<346A:1:@ < Q:4= 91:<=4=53/ 3@ < 81=43A5:E :1>653M6-
______<=&0& 17. 2%DE=)$"0&1)% I&1'"0?'"D" '$%#)B"0&1)A 355
H33 038<346H3:55JQ 91:H=471, 9: :?5:<653/@, 91=47?@:A1=55J@ >16K465?83@
M68:5:46A=0O?A<:@ *:??3E?8:E !=4=16H33 3 !=4=160O5J@ M68:5:@ «& 5=?:?A:/A=0O5:?A3 (F6581:A?A<=)»;
:A?A1653AO 038<346A:16 :A 3?9:05=53/ 3@ ?<:3Q :F/M655:?A=E 9: Q:46A6E?A<7 .6586 *:??33 303 ?:F1653/ (8:@3A=A6) 81=43A:1:< 3 56M56D3AO 5:<:>: 038<346A:16, 8654346A716 8:A:1:>: FJ06 91=4- 0:K=56 .658:@ *:??33 < 9:1/48=, 91=47?@:A1=55:@ S68:5:@ " 5=?:?A:/A=0O5:?A3 (F6581:A?A<=). %1:8 038<346H33 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33 5= @:K=A 91=<JN6AO 12 @=?/H=< ?: 45/ 9135/A3/ 61F3A16K5J@ ?74:@ 1=N=53/ : 038<346H33 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33. +86M655JE ?1:8 @:K=A FJAO 91:40=5 61F3A16K5J@ ?74:@ 9: :F:?5:<655:@7 Q:46A6E?A<7 038<346A:16.
(?03 < Q:4= 91:<=4=53/ 038<346H3:55JQ 91:H=471 <J/<3A?/, DA: ?A:3@:?AO 3@7P=?A<6 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33, < :A5:N=533 8:A:1:E 9135/A: 1=N=53= : 038<346H33, 5=4:?A6A:D56 40/ 74:<0=A<:- 1=53/ A1=F:<653E 81=43A:1:< 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33, 038<346A:1 :F/M65 56916<3AO < 61F3A16K5JE ?74 M6/<0=53= : 913M56533 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33 F6581:A:@.
&AD=A : 1=M70OA6A6Q 038<346H33 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33 ? 9130:K=53=@ 038<346H3:55:>: F6065?6 M6?07N3<6=A?/ 56 ?:F16533 81=43A:1:< 303 56 M6?=46533 8:@3A=A6 81=43A:1:< 3 7A<=1K46=A?/ < 9:1/48=, 91=47?@:A1=55:@ S68:5:@ : 5=?:?A:/A=0O5:?A3 (F6581:A?A<=).
X38<346A:1 :F/M65 < 4=?/A345=<5JE ?1:8 ?: 45/ <J5=?=53/ 61F3A16K5J@ ?74:@ :91=4=0=53/ : M6<=1N=533 038<346H33 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33 91=4?A6<3AO < .658 *:??33 786M655:= :91=4=0=- 53= 3 417>3= 4:87@=5AJ, 91=47?@:A1=55J= 5:1@6A3<5J@3 68A6@3 .6586 *:??33, 40/ <5=?=53/ < -53>7 >:?7461?A<=55:E 1=>3?A16H33 81=43A5JQ :1>653M6H3E M693?3 : 038<346H33 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33.
X38<346H3/ 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33 ?D3A6=A?/ M6<=1N=55:E, 6 81=43A56/ :1>653M6H3/ 91=816A3<N=E ?<:= ?7P=?A<:<653= ? @:@=5A6 <5=?=53/ < -53>7 >:?7461?A<=55:E 1=>3?A16H33 81=43A5JQ :1>653M6H3E M693?3 : 038<346H33 4655:E 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33.
M"1B$"=C1>% 0"G$"?>:
1.#:1@6@3 8683Q :A16?0=E 1:??3E?8:>: 916<6 1=>06@=5A3172A?/ :A5:N=53/ 9: F658:<?8:@7 81=43A:<6532?
2.-683= <6K5=EN3= 5:1@6A3<5J= 916<:<J= 68AJ 1=>703172A F658:<?8:= 81=43A:<653=?
3.' ?::A<=A?A<33 ? 8683@3 9135H396@3 :?7P=?A<0/=A?/ F658:<?8:= 81=43A:<653=?
4.#6M:<3A= <34J F658:<?8:>: 81=43A6.
5.&Q6168A=13M7EA= F658:<?872 ?3?A=@7 *:??33.
6. -68:<: 916<:<:= 9:0:K=53= Y=5A160O5:>: F6586 *:??3E?8:E !=4=16H33 (.6586 *:??33)?
23-
356
2&J#%= VI. U&1'"0?'"% '$%#)B"0&1)%, $&?N%B>
7. -683= <M63@::A5:N=53/ ?7P=?A<72A @=K47 .658:@ *:??33 3 81=43A5J@3 :1>653M6H3/@3?
8.-683= :F/M6A=0O5J= 5:1@6A3<J <916<= 7?A656<03<6AO F658 *:??33 81=43A5J@ :1>653M6H3/@? -68:<: 3Q 56M56D=53=?
9.-68:<6 :A<=A?A<=55:?AO 81=43A5JQ :1>653M6H3E M6 5617N=53/ F658:<?8:>: M68:5:46A=0O?A<6?
10.#6M:<3A= ?07D63, 913 8:A:1JQ .658 *:??33 <916<= :A:M<6AO 03H=5M32 56 :?7P=?A<0=53= F658:<?83Q :9=16H33.
11' 8683Q ?07D6/Q .658 *:??33 :F/M65 :A:M<6AO 03H=5M32 56 :?7P=?A<0=53= F658:<?83Q :9=16H3E?
12.&Q6168A=13M7EA= 9:1/4:8 038<346H33 81=43A5:E :1>653M6H33.
<=&0& 18. !$&0"0>% "?1"0> #%1%V1"* ?)?B%F>
§1. !$&0"0"% $%DE=)$"0&1)% #%1%V1"D" "I$&K%1)A 0 2"??)*?'"* 6%#%$&())
G;;=8A3<5:= 16M<3A3= R8:5:@383 ?A165J <: @5:>:@ :91=4=0/=A?/ ?:?A:/53=@ 4=5=K5:>: :F16P=53/, ?A6F30O5J@ ;758H3:531:<653=@ 4=5=K5:E ?3?A=@J. ,=5=K5:= :F16P=53= 91:53MJ<6=A <?2 ;3565?:<72 ?3?A=@7. &?:F72 1:0O 4=5O>3 3>162A < 1J5:D5:E R8:5:@38=, /<0//?O <6K5=EN3@ == 6A13F7A:@ -68 R8:5:@3D=?86/ 86A=>:13/ 4=5O>3 91=4?A6<0/2A ?:F:E
*,&7*+-" -;,0K&')2 *+")."*+) +"-0,"-, .&,$ *+")."*+), -*&"/%)4 R5-)-0:&'+ .'"K&*+-0 *+")."*+&4 +"-0,0.
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
;3M3D=?83@3 03H6@3; @=K47 F6586@3 3 35J@3 35?A3A7A6@3 ;3565?:<:E ?3?A=@J; @=K47 ;3565?:<J@3 35?A3A7A6@3 3 ;3M3D=?83@3 03H6@3.
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«& Y=5A160O5:@ F658= *:??33-
358
!"#$%& VI. '"()*+,)*% )-%$./*+"(.%, -",0%/1
1
?8:E !=4=16H33 (.658= *:??33)» < ?A. 42 91=47?@:A1=5:, DA: «.658 *:??33 @:K=A 7?A656<03<6AO :13=5A31J 1:?A6 :45:>: 303 5=?8:0O83Q 9:86M6A=0=E 4=5=K5:E @6??J...». "5?A17@=5A6@3 1=>7031:<653/ 4=5=K5:E @6??J /<0/2A?/ R@3??3/ 4=5=K5JQ ?1=4?A<, 91:<=4=53= :9=16H3E 56 :A81JA:@ 1J58= (8790/-91:46K6 >:?7461?A<=55JQ H=55JQ F7@6>), 1=>7031:<653= 5:1@J :F/M6A=0O5JQ 1=M=1<:< F658:< 3 :91=4=0=53= 16M@=16 ?A6<83 1=;3565?31:<653/.
,=5=K5:= :F16P=53= 9:416M4=0/=A?/ 56 4<6 <346: 5603D5:= 3 F=M5603D5:=. ' 91:H=5A5:@ ?::A5:N=533 5603D5:-4=5=K5JE :F:1:A @=5ON=, D=@ F=M5603D5JE, 3 :F?07K3<6=A < :?5:<5:@ 9:07- D=53= 3 16?Q:4:<653= 4=5=K5JQ 4:Q:4:< 56?=0=53/, 6 A68K= D6?AO 906A=K=E 91=4913/A3E 3 :1>653M6H3E.
#603D5JE 4=5=K5JE :F:1:A /<0/=A?/ ',&,;-';. #,"8&**". 7-)K&')2 .0:)'';= 7&'&F - G",.& /0'5'"+ (/0'5"-*5)= /):&+"-), 501'09&4*5)= /):&+"-, .&+0::)9&*5)= ."'&+.
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
' ?::A<=A?A<33 ? M68:5:46A=0O?A<:@ 4=/A=0O5:?AO 9: :1>653M6H33 3 7916<0=532 5603D5J@ 4=5=K5J@ :F16P=53=@ :?7P=?A<0/=A?/ < H=5A1603M:<655:@ 9:1/48= Y=5A160O5J@ F658:@ *:??3E?8:E !=4=16H33.
X2F:= >:?7461?A<:, < A:@ D3?0= 3 *:??3E?86/ !=4=16H3/, M635A=1=?:<65J < ?:816P=533 :FV=@6 5603D5:>: 4=5=K5:>: :F16P=53/ 3 < 16?N31=533 F=M5603D5JQ ;:1@ 16?D=A:<.
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
%:<1=@=55JE F=M5603D5JE :F:1:A < *:??3E?8:E !=4=16H33 :1>653M:<65 < ?::A<=A?A<33 ?: ?0=472P3@3 9135H396@3: 1) 91=4913/A3/ <?=Q ;:1@ ?:F?A<=55:?A3 :F/M65J Q1653AO ?<:3 ?1=4?A<6 56 ?D=A6Q < F6586Q; 2) :?5:<56/ D6?AO F=M5603D5JQ 16?D=A:< 4:0K56 :?7P=?A<0/AO?/ D=1=M F658; 3) A1=F:<653= 906A=K6
I
_________<=&0& 18. !$&0"0>% "?1"0> #%1%V1"* ?)?B%F>_____359
4:0K5: <J?A6<0/AO?/ 303 9=1=4 :A>17M8:E A:<61:< (<J9:05=53=@ 16F:A, :86M653=@ 7?07>), 303 9:?0= RA:>:; 4) :906A6 803=5A:@ F6586 9:07D=55JQ A:<61:< 3 7?07> :?7P=?A<0/=A?/ F658:@ A:0O8: ? ?:>06?3/ :F?07K3<6=@:>: 21343D=?8:>: 303 ;3M3D=?8:>: 03H6; 5) ;:1@J F=M5603D5JQ 16?D=A:< 906A=K=E <JF3162A?/ :1>653M6H3=E 9: ?<:=@7 7?@:A1=532 < ?::A<=A?A<33 ? A1=F:<653/@3 M68:5:46A=0O?A<6. )16<:<:E :?5:<:E 4=5=K5:>: :F16P=53/ <J?A7962A 5:1@J -:5?A3A7H33 *:??3E?8:E !=4=16H33, !=4=160O5J= M68:5J «& Y=5A160O5:@ F658= *:??3E?8:E !=4=16H33 (.658= *:??33)», «& F6586Q 3 F658:<?8:E 4=/A=0O5:?A3» < 1=468H33 :A 3 ;=<160/ 1996 >. ? 9:?0=472P3@3 3M@=5=53/@3 3 4:9:05=53/@3, S68:5 *! «& <602A5:@ 1=>7031:<6533 3 <602A5:@ 8:5A1:0=» :A 9 :8A/F1/ 1992 >., 35J= M68:5J, 5:1@6A3<5J= 68AJ )1=M34=5A6 3 )16<3A=0O?A<6 *:??3E?8:E !=4=16H33, 6 A68K= 9:4M68:55J= 68AJ Y=5A160O5:>: F6586 *:??3E?8:E !=4=16H33. ' ?::A<=A?A<33 ? 9. «K» ?A. 71 -:5?A3A7H33 *! 8 8:@9=A=5H33 *:??3E?8:E !=4=16H33 :A5=?=5: «7?A65:<0=53= 916<:<JQ :?5:< =435:>: 1J586; 4=5=K56/ R@3??3/», 6 < ?A. 106 -:5?A3A7H33 M681=90=5:, DA: «:F/M6A=0O5:@7 16??@:A1=532 < %:<=A= !=4=16H33 9:40=K6A 9135/AJ= C:?7461?A<=55:E ,7@:E ;=4=160O5J= M68:5J 9: <:91:?6@ ;3565?:<:>:, <602A5:>:, 81=43A5:>:, A6@:K=55:>: 1=>7031:<653/, 4=5=K5:E R@3??33».
' 91:H=??= :?7P=?A<0=53/ 3 1=>7031:<653/ 4=5=K5:>: :F16P=53/ <:M53862A 16M03D5J= :FP=?A<=55J= :A5:N=53/, 1=>70317=@J= 5:1@6@3 5=?8:0O83Q :A16?0=E 916<6, < A:@ D3?0= 8:5?A3A7H3:55:>:, 64@353?A16A3<5:>:, >16K465?8:>:, 7>:0:<5:>: 3 ;3565?:<:>:. #:1@6@3 ;3565?:<:>: 916<6 1=>703172A?/ :A5:N=53/, ?8064J<62P3=?/ < 91:H=??= :1>653M6H33 5603D5:>: 3 F=M5603D5:>: 4=5=K5:>: :F16P=53/, < A:@ D3?0= 913 91:<=4=533 4=5=K5JQ 1=;:1@, 4=5:@356H3E, R@3??3E, 913 :1>653M6H33 16?D=A:<, < D6?A5:?A3 7?A65:<0=53/ :F/M6A=0O5:>: 9:1/486 Q165=53/ ?1=4?A< 21343D=?83Q 03H 56 ?D=A6Q < F6586Q, :>1653D=53/ 5603D5JQ ;:1@ 16?D=A:< @=K47 :1>653M6H3/@3, :91=4=0=53/ 9:1/486 <=4=53/ 86??:<JQ :9=16H3E. #6M<655J= :A5:N=53/ @:>7A ?8064J<6AO?/ @=K47 Y=5A160O5J@ F658:@ 3 81=43A5J@3 :1>653M6H3/@3; @=K47 81=43A5J@3 :1>653M6H3/@3; @=K47 81=43A5J@3 :1>653M6H3/@3 3 3Q 803=5A6@3; @=K47 21343D=?83@3 3 ;3M3D=?83@3 03H6@3; @=K47 81=43A5J@3 :1>653M6H3/@3 3 35J@3 35?A3A7A6@3 ;3565?:<:E ?3?A=@J; @=K47 35?A3A7A6@3 ;3565?:<:E ?3?A=@J 3 :1>653M6H3/@3 3 ;3M3D=?83@3 03H6@3.
*=>7031:<653= 4=5=K5:>: :F16P=53/ < ?A165= :?7P=?A<0/=A?/ ? 9:@:PO2 A683Q @=A:4:<, 868 4=5=K56/ 1=;:1@6, 4=5:@356H3/ 3 R@3??3/.
S1,1<,-: %1G$%E- — #":'"& ):) 90*+)9'"& #,&"/,01"-0')& 7&'&K'"4 *)*+&.; * 8&:?> *+0/):)108)) ) $5,:&')2 7&'&K'"F" "/,0%&')2. L31:<6/ 9168A386 ?<34=A=0O?A<7=A, DA: 4=5=K56/ 1=;:1@6 ,:?A3>6=A 56M<655JQ H=0=E A:0O8: < A:@ ?07D6=, =?03 :56 91:<:43A?/ " +?5$"6:K ?#-*656C-B66 J=$,$E601?=$N 6 9$56#601?=$N ?6#+-B66 < ?A165=.
360
2&J#%= VI. U&1'"0?'"% '$%#)B"0&1)%, $&?N%B>
S1,$E6,-B6: < :A03D3= :A 4=5=K5:E 1=;:1@J /<0/=A?/ +&=')9&*5"4 "#&,08)&4, -;,0K0>%&4*2 - 10.&'& *+0,;= 7&'&F '"-;.) * #,),0-')-0')&. "7'"4 7&'&K'"4 &7)')8; - '"-;= 1'050= 5 /":?<&.$ 5":)9&*+-$ ,$/:&4 - *+0,;= 1'050=. ' 91:H=??= :?7P=?A<0=53/ 4=5:@356H33 5= M6A16>3<62A?/ R8:5:@3D=?83= :?5:<J >:?7461?A<6, 6 91:3?Q:43A ?:816P=53= 4=5=K5:E @6??J, 56Q:4/P=E?/ < :F16P=533, 6 A68K= 03NO 3M@=5/=A?/ @6?NA6F H=5. ,=5:@356H3/ @:K=A 91:<:43AO?/ 868 :A4=0O5:, A68 3 :45:<1=@=55: ? 4=5=K5:E 1=;:1@:E.
'56N=E ?A165= < ?:<=A?83E 9=13:4 FJ0: 91:<=4=5: 4<= 4=5=K5J= 1=;:1@J: 1922—1924>>. 3 1947>. )=1<6/ 4=5=K56/ 1=;:1@6 FJ06 <JM<656 5=:FQ:43@:?AO2 ?:M4653/ A<=14:E 56H3:560O5:E <602AJ 3 91:<:4306?O < 5=?8:0O8: RA69:<, <802D6<N3Q < ?=F/ 1/4 4=5:@356H3E. +?9=Q 4655:E 1=;:1@J <:
@5:>:@ FJ0 :F7?0:<0=5 86143560O5J@3 R8:5:@3D=?83@3 91=:F16M:<653/@3, 56D6AJ@3 < ?A165= < A:A 9=13:4, < 1=M70OA6A= 8:A:1JQ 7K= 8 8:5H7 1924 >. FJ0: 1=M8: ?:816P=5: 5603D5:= 4=5=K5:= :F16P=53=, <<=4=56 A<=146/ 56H3:560O56/ <602A6, :F=?9=D=556/ M:0:A:@ 3 417>3@3 416>:H=55J@3 @=A6006@3, DA: 9:M<:030: =E ?A6AO 8:5<=1A317=@:E <602A:E.
)1:<=4=53= 4=5=K5:E 1=;:1@J 1947 >. FJ0: :F7?0:<0=5: 16M-F6065?31:<655:?AO2 4=5=K5:E ?3?A=@J <: <1=@/ '=038:E &A=D=?A<=55:E <:E5J, 6 A68K= A=@, DA: < :F16P=533 56Q:430:?O F:0ON:= 8:03D=?A<: 5603D5JQ :F=?H=5=55JQ, 6 A68K= ;60ON3<JQ 4=5=K5JQ ?1=4?A<, M6F1:N=55JQ 56 :887931:<655J= A=113A:133 5=@=H83@3 <:E?86@3.
,6556/ 1=;:1@6 91:<:4306?O :453@ 16M:<J@ 68A:@, < Q:4= 8:A:1:>: :A@=5/06?O 861A:D56/ ?3?A=@6 56 91:478AJ 93A653/ 9=1<:E 5=:FQ:43@:?A3, 7?A656<03<603?O 5:<J= H=5J 56 91:478H32, 6 A68K= <<:4303?O 5:<J= 4=5=K5J= M5683. %A61J= 4=5O>3 :F@=53<603?O 56 5:<J= < ?::A5:N=533 10:1, <8064J < ?F=186??6Q 4: 3 AJ?. 17F. 9=1=:H=58= 5= 9:40=K603, <8064J :A 3 4: 10 AJ?. 17F. 9=1=?D3AJ<603?O 9: 871?7 3:2, ?<JN= 10 AJ? — 2:1.
'1961 >. < ?A165= FJ06 91:<=4=56 4=5:@356H3/ 868 ?6@:?A:/A=0O56/ 4=5=K56/ :9=16H3/, 4=5=K5J= M5683 :F@=53<603?O < ?::A5:N=533 1:10 :45:<1=@=55: ? 3M@=5=53=@ @6?NA6F6 H=5. ):?0=45// 4=5:@356H3/ FJ06 91:<=4=56 < 1998 >., 913 RA:@ 5:@3560 4=5=K5JQ M568:< 3 ?3?A=@6 H=5 ?:816P603?O
91:9:1H3:560O5: < AJ?/D7 16M.
Y=0O2 1=>7031:<653/ 4=5=K5:>: :F16P=53/ < ?A165= /<0/=A?/ ?:M4653= ?A6F30O5: ;758H3:53172P=E 4=5=K5:E ?3?A=@J, 8:A:16/, < ?<:2 :D=1=4O, ?:M46=A 5=:FQ:43@J= 91=49:?J083 40/ R;;=8A3<5:>: 16M<3A3/ R8:5:@383.
§ 2. -%1%V1&A ?)?B%F& 2"??)*?'"* 6%#%$&()). [F)??)"11"% G$&0" U&1'& 2"??))
):4 4=5=K5:E ?3?A=@:E >:?7461?A<6 9:53@6=A?/ 105"'"70+&:?'" 105,:&''"& $*+,"4*+-" 7&'&K'"F" "/,0%&')2, -5:>90>%&& -10)."7&4*+-)& "/,01$>%)= && R:&.&'+"-. )=1<J= 4=5=K5J= ?3?A=@J
_________<=&0& 18. !$&0"0>% "?1"0> #%1%V1"* ?)?B%F>______361
56D603 ;:1@31:<6AO?/ < XVI—XVII <<. < 7?0:<3/Q ?A65:<0=53/ H=5A1603M:<655JQ >:?7461?A< 3 3Q 56H3:560O5JQ A:<615JQ 3 ;3565?:<JQ 1J58:<. ' M6<3?3@:?A3 :A <346 4=5=> 16M03D62A 4<6 A396 4=5=K5JQ ?3?A=@: ?3?A=@J @=A6003D=?8:>: :F16P=53/ 3 ?3?A=@J F7@6K5:-81=43A5:>: :F16P=53/. (?03 9=1<JE A39 FJ0 Q6168A=1=5 40/ 56D60O5JQ RA69:< 16M<3A3/ 4=5=K5JQ ?3?A=@, A: < 56?A:/P== <1=@/ < 16M03D5JQ >:?7461?A<6Q 7?A65:<30?/ <A:1:E A39 4=5=K5JQ ?3?A=@.
' 1=M70OA6A= 916<:<:>: 1=>7031:<653/ 4=5=K5:>: :F16P=53/ < *:??3E?8:E !=4=16H33 ?:M4656 4=5=K56/ ?3?A=@6, <802D62P6/ ?0=472P3= R0=@=5AJ: 1) "G)8)0:?'$> 7&'&K'$> &7)')8$ (,$/:?, *"-
*+"2%)4 )1 *+0 5"#&&5); 2) R.)**)> '0:)9';= 7&'&F; 3)",F0')108)> '0:)9'"F" 7&'&K'"F" "/,0%&')2.
&?:F6/ 1:0O < :?7P=?A<0=533 4=5=K5:E 9:03A383 >:?7461?A<6, < :1>653M6H33 4=5=K5:>: :F16P=53/ < ?A165=, 868 :A@=D60:?O 165==, <:M06>6=A?/ < ?::A<=A?A<33 ?: ?A. 75 -:5?A3A7H33 *! 56 Y=5A160O5JE F658. ):41:F5== M646D3 3 9:05:@:D3/ .6586 *:??33 < RA:E ?;=1= ?;:1@7031:<65J < !=4=160O5:@ M68:5= «& Y=5A160O5:@ F658= *:??3E?8:E !=4=16H33 (.658= *:??33)» < >06<= VI.
)=1<J@ R0=@=5A:@ 4=5=K5:E ?3?A=@J /<0/=A?/ <602A6 *:??3E?8:E !=4=16H33. ' ?::A<=A?A<33 ? !=4=160O5J@ M68:5:@ : Y=5A160O5:@ F658= $G6B6-5H,$N A1,1<,$N 1A6,6B1N ("-5L#$N) ;$??6N-
?=$N 31A1%-B66 :"5:1#?: %+*5H, ?:?A:/P3E 3M ?A6 8:9==8. ' S68:5= *! «& <602A5:@ 1=>7031:<6533 3 <602A5:@ 8:5A1:0=» 4655:= 9:5/A3= 5=?8:0O8: 7A:D5=5:, 3 9:5/A3=@ «<602A6 *:??3E?8:E !=4=- 16H33» :Q<6AJ<62A?/: 1) 56Q:4/P3=?/ < :F16P=533, 6 A68K= 3MV/AJ= 303 3MJ@6=@J= 3M :F16P=53/, 5: 9:40=K6P3= :F@=57 17F03 < <34= F6585:A Y=5A160O5:>: F6586 *! 3 @:5=AJ; 2) ?1=4?A<6 < 17F0/Q 56 ?D=A6Q < F6586Q 3 35JQ 81=43A5JQ :1>653M6H3/Q < *:??3E?8:E !=4=16H33; 3) ?1=4?A<6 < 17F0/Q 56 ?D=A6Q < F6586Q 3 35JQ 81=43A5JQ :1>653M6H3/Q M6 91=4=06@3 *! 56 :?5:<6533 ?:>06N=53/, M6802D=55:>: )16<3A=0O?A<:@ *! 3 Y. *! ? ?::A<=A?A<72P3@3 :1>656@3 35:?A1655:>: >:?7461?A<6 :F 3?9:0OM:<6533 56 A=113A:133 4655:>: >:?7461?A<6 <602AJ *! < 86D=?A<= M68:55:>: 906A=K5:>: ?1=4?A<6.
'<=4=53= 56 A=113A:133 ?A165J 417>3Q 4=5=K5JQ =4353H 3 <J97?8 4=5=K5JQ ?711:>6A:< M691=P62A?/.
% 1990 >. :;3H360O5:= ?::A5:N=53= @=K47 17F0=@ 3 M:0:A:@ 303 417>3@3 416>:H=55J@3 @=A6006@3, ?7P=?A<:<6<N== 165==, 5= 7?A656<03<6=A?/.
I68:= 9:0:K=53= Q6168A=15: 40/ F:0ON35?A<6 ?A165 @316. &;3H360O5JE 871? 17F0/ 8 4=5=K5J@ =4353H6@ 417>3Q >:?7461?A< 7?A656<03<6=A?/ 3 97F0387=A?/ Y=5A160O5J@ F658:@. '602A6 *:??3E?8:E !=4=16H33 <802D6=A < ?=F/ F6585:AJ (F658:<?83= F30=AJ) 3 @:5=AJ .6586 *:??33, /<0/2P3=?/ =435?A<=55J@ M68:55J@ ?1=4?A<:@ 906A=K6 56 A=113A:133 ?A165J. "Q 9:44=086 3 5=M68:55:= 3M>:A:<0=53= 91=?0=472A?/ 9: M68:57.
.6585:AJ 3 @:5=AJ /<0/2A?/ F=M7?0:<5J@3 :F/M6A=0O?A<6@3
362
2&J#%= VI. U&1'"0?'"% '$%#)B"0&1)%, $&?N%B>
.6586 *:??33, :F=?9=D3<62A?/ <?=@3 =>: 68A3<6@3 3 :F/M6A=0O5J 8 913=@7 9: 5613H6A=0O5:E ?A:3@:?A3 913 <?=Q <346Q 906A=K=E, 40/ M6D3?0=53/ 56 ?D=A6, <: <8064J 3 40/ 9=1=<:46 56 <?=E A=113- A:133 ?A165J.
.6585:AJ 3 @:5=AJ .6586 *:??33 5= @:>7A FJAO :FV/<0=5J 5=4=E?A<3A=0O5J@3 (7A16A3<N3@3 ?307 M68:55:>: ?1=4?A<6 906A=K6), =?03 5= 7?A65:<0=5 4:?A6A:D5: 91:4:0K3A=0O5JE ?1:8 3Q :F@=56 56 F6585:AJ 3 @:5=A7 5:<:>: :F16MH6. #= 4:97?862A?/ 8683=-03F: :>1653D=53/ 9: ?7@@6@ 303 ?7FV=8A6@ :F@=56.
)13 :F@=5= F6585:A 3 @:5=A 56 4=5=K5J= M5683 ?1:8 3MV/A3/ F6585:A 3 @:5=A 3M :F16P=53/ 5= @:K=A FJAO @=5== :45:>: >:46, 5: 3 5= 91=<JN6=A 9/A3 0=A.
.658 *:??33 <916<= :F@=53<6AO F=M :>1653D=53E <=AQ3= 3 9:<1=K4=55J= F6585:AJ.
*=N=53= : <J97?8= < :F16P=53= 5:<JQ F6585:A 3 @:5=A 3 :F 3MV/A33 ?A61JQ 91353@6=A %:<=A 431=8A:1:< Y=5A160O5:>: F6586 *!.
&5 K= 7A<=1K46=A 5:@3560J 3 :F16MHJ 5:<JQ 4=5=>. &93?653= 5:<JQ 4=5=K5JQ M568:< 97F0387=A?/ < ?1=4?A<6Q @6??:<:E 35;:1@6H33.
&D=5O <6K5:, DA: : <J97?8= 5:<JQ 4=5=K5JQ M568:< .658 *:??33 :F/M65 91=4<613A=0O5: 35;:1@31:<6AO )16<3A=0O?A<: ?A165J.
'A:1J@ R0=@=5A:@ 4=5=K5:E ?3?A=@J /<0/=A?/ :?7P=?A<0=53= R@3??33 5603D5JQ 4=5=>. _E6??6$,,-:
?6?#1E- 91=4?A6<0/=A ?:F:E 7?A65:<0=55JE M68:5:46A=0O?A<:@ 9:1/4:8 R@3??33 3 :F16P=53/ 4=5=>. %7P=?A<7=A 1/4 :FP3Q D=1A < 91:<=4=533 R@3??33 < 16M03D5JQ ?A1656Q, < A:@ D3?0= <J97?8 F6585:A <:M06>6=A?/ 56 >06<5JE F658 ?A165J (H=5A160O5J=, 56H3:560O5J= F6583, < %[$ — Y=5A160O56/ 1=M=1<56/ ?3?A=@6), 6 86M56D=E?83Q F30=A:< 3 @:5=A — 56 86M56D=E?A<6.
&F?07K3<6/ Q:M/E?A<=55JE :F:1:A, 4=5O>3 9:?A:/55: <J97?862A?/ < :F:1:A 3 3MJ@62A?/ 3M :F:1:A6. I68:>: 1:46 :9=16H33 5= <03/2A 56 7<=03D=53= 4=5=K5:E @6??J 3 RA3@ :A03D62A?/ :A R@3??33 4=5=>,
9:4 8:A:1:E 9:53@6=A?/ -;#$*5 7&'&F - "/","+, -&7$%)4 5 $-&:)9&')> 7&'&K'"4 .0**;, '0="72%&4*2 - "/","+&. %7P=?A<7=A R@3??3/ 5603D5JQ 3 F=M5603D5JQ 4=5=>. ' 7?0:<3/Q 1J5:D5:E R8:5:@383 R@3??32 5603D5JQ 4=5=> :?7P=?A<0/2A H=5A160O5J= F6583, 6 R@3??32 F=M5603D5JQ 4=5=> — 8:@@=1D=?83= F6583, DA: 1=>70317=A?/ A68K= H=5A160O5J@ F658:@ ?A165J.
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— :435 3M 35?A17@=5A:< :?7P=?A<0=53/ 4=5=K-
_________<=&0& 18. !$&0"0>% "?1"0> #%1%V1"* ?)?B%F>_____363
5:-81=43A5:E 9:03A383 Y=5A1:F658:@. "M@=5// 5:1@6A3< 1=M=1<31:<653/, Y. *! 9:44=1K3<6=A 56 :91=4=0=55:@ 71:<5= :FV=@ 4=5=K5:E @6??J, 56Q:4/P=E?/ < :F16P=533 < ?A165=. W=@ @=5ON= ?7@@6 :F/M6A=0O5JQ 1=M=1<:<, A=@ F:0ON== 8:03D=?A<: 4=5=> @:K=A ?:M46AO F658:<?86/ ?3?A=@6.
G@3??3/ 5603D5JQ 4=5=> 91=4?A6<0/=A ?:F:E 3Q <J97?8 < :F16P=53=, 913 8:A:1:@, 868 7K= :A@=D60:?O, 7<=03D3<6=A?/ :FP6/ @6??6 5603D5JQ 4=5=>. #6 :?5:<= 86??:<JQ :F:1:A:< F658:< 3 ?:- ?A6<0/=@:E 65603A3D=?8:E :AD=A5:?A3 .658 *:??33 91:>5:M317=A 16M@=1 91=49:06>6=@:E R@3??33, 6 A68K= 1=>3:5J == 91:<=4=53/." ' :?7P=?A<0=533 R@3??33 91353@6=A 7D6?A3= 5= A:0O8: .658 *:??33, 5: 3 =>: 1=>3:560O5J= *-Y, ?:4=1K6P3= 1=M=1<5J= ;:54J 3 :F:1:A5J= 86??J.
F %1C1%",&K G$,A-K ;QU Q1653A?/ M696? 4=5=K5JQ M568:<, 91=456M56D=55JQ 40/ <J97?86 3Q < :F16P=53= < ?07D6= 7<=03D=53/ 9:A1=F5:?A3 Q:M/E?A<6 4655:>: 1=>3:56 < 5603D5JQ 4=5O>6Q. GA3 4=5O>3 5= :A5:?/A?/ 8 56Q:4/P3@?/ < :F16P=533, 9:?8:0O87 5= ?:<=1N62A 4<3K=53/, 5= 5686903<62A?/, 5= ?07K6A ?1=4?A<:@ 906A=K6 3 /<0/2A?/ 1=M=1<5J@3. ' $*$%$#,+L =-??+ 9:?A:/55: 9:?A7962A 3 3M 5== <J462A?/ 5603D5J= 4=5O>3 :A F658:<. GA3 4=5O>3 56Q:4/A?/ < 9:?A:/55:@ 4<3K=533, < :F16P=533
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— 3Q 3MV/A3=.
' ?::A<=A?A<33 ? !=4=160O5J@ M68:5:@ : Y=5A160O5:@ F658= *!, < H=0/Q $%I-,6C-B66 ,-560,$I$ A1,1<,$I$ $*%-M1,6: 56 A=113A:133 ?A165J 56 .658 *:??33 <:M06>62A?/ ?0=472P3= ;758H33:
— 91:>5:M31:<653= 3 :1>653M6H3/ 91:3M<:4?A<6, 9=1=<:M86 3 Q165=53= F6585:A 3 @:5=A, ?:M4653= 3Q 1=M=1<5JQ ;:54:<;
—7?A65:<0=53= 916<30 Q165=53/, 9=1=<:M83 3 3586??6H33 5603D5JQ 4=5=> 40/ 81=43A5JQ :1>653M6H3E;
—7?A65:<0=53= 913M568:< 906A=K=?9:?:F5:?A3 4=5=K5JQ M568:< 3 9:1/486 M6@=5J 9:<1=K4=55JQ F6585:A 3 @:5=A, 6 A68K= 3Q 753DA:K=53/;
—:91=4=0=53= 9:1/486 <=4=53/ 86??:<JQ :9=16H3E 40/ 81=43A5JQ :1>653M6H3E.
M"1B$"=C1>% 0"G$"?>:
1.WA: A68:= 4=5=K5:= :F16P=53= 3 868:<J M646D3 =>: 916<:<:>: 1=>7031:<653/9
642&J#%= VI. U&1'"0?'"% '$%#)B"0&1)%, $&?N%B> -
2."M 8683Q R0=@=5A:< ?:?A:3A 4=5=K56/ ?3?A=@6 *:??3E?8:E !=4=-
-683= 5:1@6A3<5J= 68AJ ?:?A6<0/2A 916<:<72 :?5:<7 4=5=K5:- >: :F16P=53/?
4 WA: A68:= R@3??3/ 4=5=>?
5. #6M:<3A= :?5:<5J= ?9:?:FJ 1=>7031:<653/ 4=5=K5:>: :F16P=- 53/ < ?A165=.
6 ' 8683Q ;:1@6Q :?7P=?A<0/2A?/ 16?D=AJ/
7^WA: A68:= 86??:<J= :9=16H33 3 868:<J 916<306 3Q <=4=53//