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The docking module is equipped with the necessary stored gases, a thermal control loop, and the displays and controls necessary for safe operation of the two different pressure levels. For this operation, hatches with manual controls are installed on either end of the module, which is big enough to accommodate two suited crewmen.

v accommodate, modify, track a habitable

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

143.Прочтите и переведите словосочетания:

1.a test mission; 2. the experimental test mission; 3. lunar landing missions; 4. mission requirements; 5. unique mission

19.the instrument module location; 20. control panels;

21.docking systems; 22. the crew transfer

144.Прочтите и переведите предложения, содержащие бессоюзные при­ даточные предложений:

1.The Apollo spacecraft we are discussing is a modified version of the command and service module that has been used during the first several lunar landing missions. 2. The major

mo.difications the designers have made include some changes in the control system. 3. The orbital module can be used as a

important parameters in liquid-propellant rocket units and it is equivalent to the specific impulse of solid-propellant units. 6. Scientists believe the performance of any rocket-powered craft depends on the total amount of propellant it can carry. 7. To reach the chosen orbit the amount of propellant the rocket engines

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modified. 10. We know the building of big multipurpose orbital complexes round the earth for scientific and economic tasks is closely associated with the question of rendezvous and docking of both automatic and piloted space vehicles. 11. The docking

article is a pressurized compartment of segmented conical shape located between the orbital and instrumented modules. 13. The space shuttle we are going to discuss will be the first reusable space vehicle. It will consist of two stages: a booster and an orbiter and will take off like a rocket, fly in orbit like a spaceship, and land like an airplane. 14. The research and exploitation of space has been the most expensive technological advance man has ever made. 15. In most cases the booster drops from the missile after the thrust it delivers has ceased.

145.Прочтите. Укажите номера предложений, в которых выделенное

слово является сказуемым или его .частью. Переведите все предложения:

1. The crew performed certain manoeuvres and exercises in Earth orbit. 2. Some launchers provide initial guidance, others simply support the missile in the proper attitude before firing and exercise no control. 3. The pilot has always- a good view from the cockpit. 4. During the flight the crew on one of the spaceships could view the solar corona. 5. One may expect that the results of the joint experiments in space will be considered by scientists of both countries. 6. The coasting flight of a rocket in the atmosphere results in a gradual reduction of its speed almost to zero. 7. There is an optimum length for a given diameter engine which results in the maximum performance. 8. The instrument module houses various instruments, transmitters, power sources and other equipment. 9. The upper part of the final stage of the rocket houses a compartment with scientific equipment protected by a jettisonable cone from overheating. 10. The present solidpropellant engines do not possess the re-start capability. 11. These spacecraft present a modified version of the Soyuz spacecraft.

146. Определите по суффиксам, к каким частям речи относятся слова,

ипереведите их:

1.mission; 2. tester; 3. version; 4. accommodation; 5. modifi­ cation; 6. habitable; 7. restriction; 8. feasible; 9. merely; 10. com­ paratively; 11. comparative; 12. apparently; 13. entirely; 14. re­ quirement; 15. universally

147. Переведите, обращая внимание на значения отрицательных префик­ сов “in-”, “im-”, “dis-”, "ir-", "un-”:

1. effective, ineffective; 2. dependent, independent; 3. visible, invisible; 4. accurate, inaccurate; 5. adequate, inadequate;

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as the docking module. 3. Some modifications were needed for this unique test mission. 4. For this purpose patches with manual controls were installed. 5. The'descent module was known to be connected by a hatch to the orbital module. 6. The instrument module contains various subsystems required for propulsion, communications and other functions. 7. The diameter of the habitable modules was 7.5 ft. 8. Special systems were tracking the spacecraft during the flight. 9. The docking module served as an airlock for the internal transfer of crewmen. 10. The com­ mand module was to accommodate two crewmen.

151. Найдите в тексте “Soyuz and Apollo Spacecraft” ответы на вопросы:

2.What is the descent module?

3.Where are the crew couches and main control panels located?

4.How is the orbital module used?

5.What is the instrument module?

6.What does the instrument module contain?

7.Where are most of the new compatible systems located?

8.What spacecraft did the US use in order to perform the experimental test mission?

9.Were any modifications needed as a result of unique mission requirements?

10.What is the docking module equipped with?

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153. Прочтите и переведите без словаря:

The Results of the Joint Flight of Soyuz and Apollo

Tlie first joint flight of Soyuz and Apollo the Soviet and American spaceships have performed is of great importance for

future will enable one ship to go to the assistance of another. Second, the joint flight of the two ships offers great possibi­ lities for joint scientific experiments. The flight showed how effective joint scientific investigations can be. The experiment “Artificial Solar Eclipse12” also opens new scientific horizons.

earth only during the extremely rare3 full solar eclipses. In space

scientific value of this experiment is extremely great.

Third, the flight of the Soviet and American spaceships has shown countries with different social systems can successfully cooperate in .space. The results of the joint experiments in space are being considered by scientists of two countries.

1 contribute — содействовать

2eclipse — затмение

3rare — редкий

4terrestrial — земной

154.Прочтите и переведите со словарем:

Space Shuttle System

The basic shuttle mission is to transport payloads and passengers to orbit. The Shuttle system assignment covers a multitude of tasks, including:

„ 1. Placing civilian and military satellites in space — diminish­ ing the need for the launch vehicles and for the weight and size limitations on payloads.

2.Retrieving malfunctioning satellites and repairing them in orbit or returning them to Earth.

3.Carrying sections of spacecraft to orbit for assembly or for launch in space, such as modules for a space station or vehicles for planetary probes — eliminating the need to develop specialpurpose launch vehicles for such purposes.

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ИТОГОВОЕ ГРАММАТИЧЕСКОЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЕ

Прочтите и переведите предложения:

1. Like all other sciences, study of near space will be put at the service of the people. 2. Soviet science and technology have achieved many victories in space: the first manned space flight, the first group flights, the first crew-carrying spacecraft and the first walk in space. 3. A most important feature of the Molnia-1 satellites is the specially designed space transmitter with which they are equipped. 4. In future man will be able to influence nature with the help of space technique. 5. Before the remarkable idea of K. Tsiolkovsky could be transformed into practical propulsion system a number of complex problems had to be solved. 6. The manned spacecraft for Mars is often spoken of in many countries. 7. Powerful systems had to inject the first Sputnik and the first man into Earth, orbit. 8. During the final part of the trajectory, where the re-entry body has re-entered the

virtue of its velocity and its position.) 11. The selection and designof solid-propellant motors are affected by. planetary vehicle characteristics. 12. The scientific instruments of the Prdgnoz have been combined into separate groups in keeping with the phenomena studied. 13. Launching the lunar satellites made it possible to test and develop techniques for the control of space vehicles while being put into lunar orbits. 14. One of the missions of the Luna-12 probe was to take photographs of the lunar surface from a relatively close distance and transmit them to Earth. 15. Before flying off into the expanse of space Zond-3 photographed the far side of the Moon. Photographing and

know the use of aerodynamic braking for saving rocket propellants to become particularly important during the terminal maneuver of a Mars expedition — the return into the Earth’s atmosphere. 38. The application of nuclear power to rocket propulsion would provide the means of obtaining extremely high values of specific thrust. 39. Liquid-propellant rocket motors are

a very difficult task.|41. The computer calculates a new optimized trajectory and determines the guidance commands to be sent to the vehicle. 42. While in orbit the cosmonauts. P. I. Klimuk and V. V. Lebedev also checked out new instruments for further use in systems to be installed in ships and stations. 43. If a failure of a liquid engine occurred during the flight, the remaining engines would continue to operate and all the available propellant would be consumed. 44. One may say that the flight of the Salyut-3 scientific station was a new step in the development and advancement of long-life orbital stations. 45. The length of life of satellites that have ceased operating varies over a great range, depending on the character of their orbits and their own weight and shape. 46. At the spot where the probe landed the lunar ground proved to be sufficiently strong. 47. When placed in orbit, the astronaut is in a relatively safe position as long as his life-support system functions properly. 48. To move from one celestial body to another means to overcome gravitational forces. 49. At present one could produce temperatures comparable to those encountered in planetary atmospheres. 50. Were a space probe given a launch velocity of 10.2 miles per second (43 thousand miles per hour), it could escape from the sun’ attraction. 51. A rocket engine unaffected,by, its environment can operate successfully. 52. Gas-cooled reactors would seem to be the most suitable for this purpose. ,53. Propdllant properties and pressure are the main two factors to be considered here. 54. Orienting and stabilizing a space vehicle involves producing torques, i. e. forces tending to turn the body of the vehicle about its centre of mass. 55. To direct a guided missile from the launching point to the target it is necessary first to know the position of one with respect to the other. 56. The interior, of the shuttle is expected to be pressurized so that the passengers and crew can travel without space-suits. 57. Liquid propellants are considered to be

engines to take men to Mars will be developments of nuclearpowered thrusters already being tested on earth. 60. There are other ways of propelling spaceships but nuclear power seems to be the method most likely to follow the present generation of